62 



THE REPOET OF THE 



No. 36 



are distinguished from those of rugulosus \i\ a short side-branch which forms, with 

 the short tunnel leading to the opening in the l)ark, a Y-shaped end to the main 

 division, (See Fig. 2). The adults are brownish-black, about one-tenth of an inch 

 in length. The pronotum is not bent strongly ventrad in front, so that the an- 

 terior opening is oblique. The head is large and visible from above. The an- 

 tennal club is lamellate, divided into three separated, laterally produced segments. 

 The venter of the abdomen is not bent strongly dorsad behind. 



The damage inflicted by this beetle is mainly to the cherry and peach. Trees 

 in apparent good health are attacked in the fall by the hibernating adults, and 

 from the short tunnels then cut much sap exudes during the following season. 

 Healthy trees are also attacked by the adults during the egg-laying season, but 

 the vigorous flow of sap invariably drives them away. The brood can be reared 

 only in weakened and dying trees. Successive attacks, however, will so weaken a 

 tree that eventually the egg-tunnels can be cut and the brood reared, the result 

 of which is the utter destruction of the inner bark. Slightly injured trees from 

 which the beetles have been driven by the flow of sap should be well fertilized 

 and protected from further injury, by a repellant wash. All dead and dying 

 limbs and trees should be removed and burned before the emergence of the con- 

 tained brood. Seriously injured trees are improved by a severe pruning. Mr. H. 

 F. Wilson recommends the use of thick whitewash as a repellant, to be applied before 

 the attack of the borers (Bull. 68, part IX., U.S. Bureau of Entomology). Good 

 results seem to have been obtained in Ontario with lime-sulphur wash and with 

 "Sanders' Wash" applied to the trunk and bases of the branches early in spring, 

 about the first week in March, and again in Julv before the second attack. 



Fig. 9. Tunnels of Xyleborus in beech, arrow 

 points to eggs. 



Fig. 10. Tunnels of Xyleborus in beech, 



arrow points to female in characteristic 



position guarding the entrance. 



The Fruit-tree Bark-beetle, Eccoptogaster rugulosus, Eatz., is of the size and 

 general appearance of P. Uminarisj but the venter of the abdomen is bent sharply 

 dorsad beyond the first segment, and the antennal club is solid, flat and marked 

 by strongly angulated sutures. The galleries of this species are entirely between 

 the bark and the wood; the ends of the larval galleries, which form the pupal 

 cells, are often sunk a few millimeters into the wood. This species agrees with 

 P. Uminaris in general habits. It breeds in dying limbs and trunks, but like 



