68 THE EEPOET OF THE No. 36 



spraying with lead arsenate just as the petals have fallen, and another applica- 

 tion ten days or two weeks later should kill the great majority of the first brood. 

 To intercept the larv/e that escape these two treatments it would be advisable 

 to apply a burlap bandage about the trunk in late June. The worms in escaping 

 from the fruit find the burlap a convenient place to hide and to spin cocoons. 

 To prevent the small portions that pass through a partial brood from doing in- 

 jury the burlaps should be removed every ten days, and replaced after all larvae 

 and cocoons have been destroyed. 



The Bud Moth. This enemy of the apple was quite prevalent about Abbots- 

 ford, and perhaps in other localities. 



The Oyster-shell Scale or Bark Louse. As one would naturally ex- 

 pect, Oyster-shell Scale is quite prevalent in the apple orchards of Quebec. This 

 insect may be looked upon as the enemy of half-tended and neglected orchards. It 

 is not a difficult insect to control, yet it does annually a great amount of damage. 

 Many owners of orchards when asked if the Oyster-shell Scale is present in their 

 orchard will state that they are not acquainted with it. They have not yet come 

 to recognize it as an insect and as a serious enemy. The insect passes the winter 

 in the egg state under the gray-brown, oyster-shaped scales on the bark of the twigs 

 and branches. The eggs hatch early in June; the yellowish lice crawl about for 

 a few days and then settle and secrete a scale over themselves. There is but one 

 brood each season. 



An application of whitewash to the trunk and large branches during the 

 winter will remove the scales and leave the branches clean in the spring. 



The Apple Aphis. This insect was reported as abundant about Abbotsford, 

 and in the Montmagny and Kamouraska districts below Quebec. It was observed 

 on some of the trees in the young orchard at Macdonald College. 



The American Tent Caterpillar. This insect, which was so abundant and 

 injurious a few years ago, was again in evidence in many localities. It would 

 be advisable for farmers to be on the look-out for the ring-like clusters of egg 

 masses which encircle the twigs of apple and other trees during the fall and winter 

 months, and to destroy them. 



The Plum Curculio. Curculios were very prevalent in Quebec orchards 

 in 1909. In some orchards a large percentage of the apples were deformed by 

 the numerous curculio punctures, and were rendered practically useless. This 

 widespread injury to the apple crop demands attention ; this note is written with 

 this purpose in view, and at the same time to outline concisely our knowledge of 

 the liabits of this most destructive insect enemy of plums and apples, and the best 

 remedies that are being used elsewhere to control it. 



At the outset it may be said that this pest is no new enemy. For many years 

 it has given more or less trouble to orchardists, making itself more conspicuous by 

 its injuries some years than others. 



There are probably two species of curculios that are responsible for the injury 

 in our orchards. The Plum Curculio ( Conotrachelus nenuphar, Herbst) and the 

 Apple Curculio (Anthonomus quadrigibbus. Say). It is believed, however, that 

 the former does the greater amount of injury, although no careful observations 

 have been made in Quebec to determine their relative abundance. 



The Plum Curculio is a native of America, and fed originally upon the wild 

 plum, wild crab-apple, and the hawthorn. With the advent of the cultivated apple 

 it took readil}" to the new fruit, which it continues to infest. 



