1911 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 13 



rowed down through the stem from the cotyledons. The important injury caused 

 by this maggot, of course, is in the destruction of the primary shoot. Some white 

 beans, which were planted near these pea beans, were not injured by the maggot. 

 An interesting result obtained in our rearing of these maggots this season was the 

 discovery that root maggots were not altogether responsible for the damage done. 

 From infested radishes we also obtained, in early July, large, numbers of the larger 

 fly, Muscina stahulans, Fallen. A few specimens were also reared from pea beans. 

 The food of Muscina stabulans is chiefly decaying vegetable matter, but it is known 

 to attack growing vegetables. On the 14th October, mature larvae and puparia of the 

 Radish and Cabbage Maggot were found at the roots of cabbage plants. 



Attacking Fruit Trees. 



The Oyster-shell Scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi, L.) is very prevalent through- 

 out the district. Apple trees are especially attacked. Tihis autumn large num- 

 bers of the fruit bear many of the characteristic scales. 



The Cherry and Pear Slug (Eriocampa cerasi, Peck.) has this year been 

 again abundant around Ottawa. In September, many of the dull-coloured slimy 

 larvae were present on plum and cherry trees, as well as on mountain ash. This 

 late brood seldom does serious damage. The foliage of some of the ornamental 

 mountain ash trees on the Experimental Farm was conspicuously eaten, and when 

 the skeletonized portions turned brownish the trees showed the attack very plainly. 



The Apple-leaf Hopper (Empoasca mali, LeB.) was fairly abundant in 

 apple orchards, and although it apparently did not do any very noticeable injury, 

 its work could be easily seen on the leaves late in the season. 



The American Tent Caterpillar {Malacosoma americana, HjarE^^--^ ^^ 

 spring and early summer many nests of this Tent Caterpillar were observed. The 

 egg clusters were seen in the end of July to be very abundant, and for this reason 

 we will most probably see next year a very much increased outbreak of the insect. 

 Orchardists would do well to look for the nests of this caterpillar next spring, and 

 as soon as they are noticed, cut them off and destroy them. 



The Eye-spotted Bud-moth {Tmetocera ocellana, Schiff.). This well-known 

 apple pest was abundant in the district the past season, and did much injury in 

 some orchards. At Ottawa this year the larvae were noticed to be almost full- 

 grown on July 9th. 



Other such well-known pests of the apple as the Codling Moth {Carpocapsa 

 ponionella, L.), the Woolly Aphis of the Apple (Schizoneura lanigera, Hausm.), 

 and the Apple Aphis {Aphis mali. Fab.) were, as usual, present in injurious 

 numbers. 



Attacking Forest and Shade Trees. 



The Fall Webworm (Hyphantria textor, Harr.) w^s extremely numerous 

 during the season. During my residence in Ottawa, since 1899, I have never seen 

 Bo much injury by this well-known pest, as was done this year. Apple and wild 

 cherry were the trees principally attacked ; some of the smaller trees were entirely 

 defoliated and rendered very unsightly by the many nests they bore. The work of 

 this caterpillar was particularly noticeable in August. The Fall Webworm ha« 

 been abundant this year all through eastern parts of Canada and the United States. 

 In Maine, in the same month, I saw large numbers of the nests, dozens on a single 

 tree. On July 6th I took from a raspberry bush near Ottawa a large nest, and 

 by actual count it contained 318 larvfp. These varierl in size from % of an inch 

 to i/> an inch in lenofth. 



