1911 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 21 



exposed surface hardens. One da_Y, going over these trees, I noticed small, round 

 holes bored down the soft, central pith and some castings of wood on the leaves 

 be'low. Over 300 of my 500 trees were attacked in this way, the holes extending 

 down the stem upwards of three inches. Stored snugly and tightly in some of these 

 holes were numerous aphids. The cause of this injury was, apparently, one of the 

 \vood-))oring wasps. Adults were captured and taken to Ottawa for identification.* 



I heard of two other cases, within a radius of three miles of Grrimsby, in 

 which young cherry trees were attacked, and while the injury was not serious, it 

 was distinctly annoying to have to rehead your trees. I punched out the aphids 

 and filled the holes with a lime and lead arsenate paste as remedies. 



1 have to thank Messrs. Tennyson D. Jarvis and Wilfred Ryan for their assist- 

 ance in this report, and also Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist, who 

 has kindly allowed me to incorporate a few notes, which were obtained under his 

 authority. 



Insects of the Year in Ontario — Lawson Caesar, B.A. ; B.S.A., Ontario 

 Agricultural College, Guelph. 



Orchard Insects — Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella). The apple crop 

 was very light this year and, as usually happens m such cases, a large percentage 

 of the fruit was wormy. Many would place the amount of damage in unsprayed 

 orchards at 50 per cent, of the total crop ; it will probably be safe to estimate it at 

 iit least 40 per cent. Much more spraying than usual was done and fruit-growers are 

 gradually learning that to get the best results they must do the work not only at the 

 i-ight time, but also very thoroughly. In every case very satisfactory results have fol- 

 lowed good work ; in fact it is a long time since the beoiefits of spraying were so 

 clearly demonstrated. This is partly because the season was so favourable to the 

 development of Apple Scab that only in sprayed orchards in many districts could 

 any clean fruit be purchased. 



Lesser Apple Worm (Enarmonia pninivora), Plate A, Fig. 1. While prob- 

 ably not more than 2 to 5 per cent, of the wormy apples of the Province could be 

 attributed to attacks of the Lesser Apple Worm, individual orchards were dis- 

 covered where the percentage was much higher. For instance, in one orchaTd near 

 Guelph, fruit on the ground in October showed that 38 injuries out of a total of 

 80 had been caused by this insect ; the rest were due to Codling Moth. Fruit pur- 

 chased on the market from farmers in the vicinity of Guelph showed a consider- 

 able number of Lesser Apple Worm injuries. It is easy to find the larvee in haws 

 in this district up to almost the end of October. Specimens for class study each 

 year are obtained from this source. The same spray as for Codling Moth seems 

 to control this pest fairly well. It is just probable, however, that an additional 

 spray with arsenate of lead ahout the first week in August would help greatly. 



Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar), Plate A, Fig. 2 (p. 7). Ob- 

 servations the last two years in various parts of the Province show that the damage 

 to apples from the fall feeding of the new adults is veiy great in many districts. 

 Wherever orchards are neglected or are situated near good hiding-places for winter 

 quarters, such as woods, a large percentage of the apples, especially of the rougher 

 skinned varieties, are rendered unsaleable by feeding punctures made from about 

 the middle of August up into October. Thorough cultivation of the soil and the 



♦This insect, through the kindness of Dr. L. 0. Howard, of the Bureau of Entomology, 

 Washington, has been determined by Mr. S. A. Rohwer as Cemnnus inornatus Say. 



