1911 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 25 



Mr. Jones has discovered that E. rugulosus is frequently the cause of the spread of 

 the Pear Blight germs {Bacillus amylovorus) . The best means of control is clearly 

 the destruction by fire of 'all dead and dying branches, and of all old brush heaps 

 early in spring. If any trees are seen to be attacked during July they should be 

 burned shortly before the end of the first week in August, to destroy the -larvae 

 and pupse. After this date it is better to leave dying or attacked trees in the 

 orchard to act as traps and entice the beetles from healthy trees. Those thus left 

 should, of course, be destroyed next spring early. 



The Blackberry Leaf-miner {Metallus (Scolioneura) ruhi). This saw- 

 (ly larva has spread over most of the Province, and in some districts has done 

 much damage to blackberries by mining in the leaves; sometimes almost every leaf 

 is severely attacked by one or more larvae. This year the adults appeared in the 

 Niagara district by about July 1st, and egg-laying at once began, the eggs being 

 placed, so far as I could observe, just under the epidermis, and not being visible 

 externally. When full grown the larvse enter the earth. There are almost cer- 

 tainly two broods each year, living larvae of the last being found in the leaves as 

 late as November 16th last year. The winter is passed in the larval (not pupal) 

 stage in tiny oval earthen cases, about one inch below the surface of the ground. 

 (Apparently this point has not been observed before.) These earthen cases are 

 not held together with silk, but with some mucilaginous substance. Sometimes they 

 seem to be hard to break open, and sometimes easy. Kerosene emulsion was tested 

 on the leaves, but was clearly useless, as it could not penetrate through the epidermis, 

 even though this was dead. The only remedy that seems practicable where the pest 

 is severe is to stir the soil frequently with a hoe around the base of the plants very 

 late in autumn and in spring up to July, so as to break the oases and destroy the 

 larvae or pupae inside. If there are only a few leaves attacked these can be either 

 pulled off towards the end of July or the larvae crushed inside with the fingers, 

 using a leather glove to protect against the thorns. 



Raspberry Sawfly (Monophadnoides ruhi). The larva^ of this sawfly were 

 more abundant than usual. Arsenate of lead should easily control them. 



WiREWORMS AND White Grubs. The cold, late spring retarding the growth 

 of grain after it came through the ground seemed to give Wireworms and White 

 Grubs a chance to do much more damage than usual. During the farmers' excur- 

 sions in June I was almost constantly being asked for information on how to com- 

 bat these pests. About all the remedy I could give was the old-time one of fall 

 ploughing and rotation of crops. On enquiries I found that only in a very few 

 cases were peas attacked. Frequently where peas and barley were sown together, 

 the barley was destroyed and the peas left. This experience could be made use of 

 by farmers where they feared attacks from Wireworms if they sowed oats or barley. 

 I recommended that the new remedy originated by Prof. Fernald for preventing 

 Wireworms from attacking seed corn be tried on a limited scale. Prof Fernald 

 puts tar on the seed in the manner practised to keep off crows, then, to dry it so 

 that it will go through the seeder, he places it in a large bucket containing fine dust 

 and Paris green mixed in such proportions that the corn, after being shaken up in 

 the bucket, shows a greenish color. The corn in his two years' experiments never 

 failed to germinate and was quite uninjured by the Wireworms, which, he thinks, 

 were probably repelled by the covering substance rather than killed by it. 



Mr. Nasii : Prof. Slingerlanrl investigaterl a number of remedies and found 

 that they were of no use. 



Me. Caesak: Yes, but he did not use the tar and Paris green combined in this 

 way. 



3 E.S. 



