1911 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 51 



the vitality of the tree they infest. They are exceedingly tenacious of life, and 

 many instances are on record to show that the larval stage is capable of enormous 

 extension. 



The imago of Monoliammus has been known to emerge from chairs and tables 

 years after the manufacture of the furniture. Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse, an English 

 naturalist, heard one of these larvge at work in a boot-tree (an implement for 

 stretching top boots), which he had in his possession for 14 years; he then pre- 

 sented the implement to the Natural History Museum at Kensington, where for 

 6 or 7 years longer the larva continued to saw wood. The entire absence of sap 

 had, of course, arrested the development of the larva, and it was unable to com- 

 plete its transformation. Sereno Watson, the American botanist, relates another 

 case (Packard, U. S. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 689) that seems to prove the life of 

 one longicorn to have lasted 45 years. When you add to this tenacity of life the 

 larval obscurity which makes even detection difficult, it will be seen how serious 

 a pest the longicorns may and often do become. 



The Chrysomelians, on the other hand, live openly on foliage, which they 

 devour as beetles no less than as larvae. The larval stage is short, and the insect, 

 as a rule, helpless and easily destroj^ed. They more than compensate, however, for 

 their exposure to attack by their rapid breeding, many genera producing two broods 

 every season. There .are 11 tribes of the family in boreal America, all of them 

 represented in Ontario. But the great bulk of our Chrysomelidse belong to the 

 four consecutive tribes — CryptocephaUni, Eumolpini, Chrysomelini and Galerucini; 

 the last of these is far the greatest, and contains more genera and almost as many 

 species as the other three combined. Together these four tribes contain more than 

 two-thirds of the entire genera and species in the family. 



As, geologically, the woody fibred vegetation preceded the leafy and succulent 

 plants, it is probable that the Cerambycidse attained their greatest development far 

 earlier than the Chrysomelidge. But the two families are undoubtedly closely akin, 

 and the Donacias may be regarded both in form and in habit as in many respects 

 intermediate between some of the less highly specialised genera of Cerambycids 

 and the Chrysomelids. 



THE POOL. 



PiEV. Thomas W. Fyles, D.C.L., Hull, Que. 



Within an easy distance of my present place of abode there is, in the land- 

 scape, an abrupt descent, clothed with forest trees, and extending for a consider- 

 able distance. 



Such a descent would have been called in England, in the olden times, a 

 'Tianger." 



In that delightful book, "White's Natural History of Selbourne," such a 

 hanger is described; and the word itself is found in the names of places, such as 

 Oakhanger, Westonhanger, etc. 



It may be that the appellation is an Anglicised form of the Norman French 

 hangar, a shed — a word common in Quebec Province, but almost obsolete in Eng- 

 land. Thackeray, however, makes use of it in his "Life of Henry Esmond.''* 



At a spot under the elevation I have in mind, the Trenton limestone of the 



*" Mademoiselle, may we take your coach to town? I saw it in the hangar, and this 

 poor Marquis must be dropping with sleep."— TTie Hist, of Henry Esmond. Bk. III., 

 Ch. 13. 



