«8 THE KEPOKT OF THE iNo. 36 



speciea when he finds them. For instance, if recently killed pines are found with 

 the bark filled with Ips pini, there is little cause for alarm. The pest level of that 

 species is high. The same is true of a new species of Phloeotribus, which I have 

 from spruce, and many other, indeed most, scolytids of this region. These species 

 prefer, and usually are able to find dying bark for breeding purposes. But if 

 spruces are found with Dendroctonus piceaperda in the bark, the matter may be 

 serious enough; for this species is quite capable of destroying the finest of the 

 spruce over miles of territory if once it surpasses the pest level. Much work should 

 be done in the near future in collecting and studying the forest insects. 



It is further necessary to know the exact life histories of the injuri- 

 ous species in the regions where they are numerous. The lumberman must know 

 when to girdle the trap-trees, when to cut them and others with the bark filled 

 with the brood, and bark or immerse them. He must know how many broods occur, 

 and just when they appear to attack fresh trees. Many things must be known 

 before we can outline profitable methods for the control of many of these pests. 



Thia information must be obtained by entomologists ; and those of us who are 

 interested in forest insects have a great field before us, a splendid opportunity, and 

 also a serious duty. 



Insect control is only oue factor in the great problem of forest culture; but it 

 is an extremely important factor, and the sooner we know the injurious insects of 

 our great forests, and their life histories, the sooner will the control of forest in- 

 sects be undertaken in the Canadian woods. 



The great forests of the United States have been almost swept away by forest 

 fires, insects enemies and careless cutting. Now, perhaps too late, the people there 

 are awake to the importance of forest control. We in Canada are following exactly 

 in their footsteps. Great fires — there are hundreds of fires in our Northern forests 

 every season — insect devastations, careless cutting, little effort towards reforesta- 

 tion; it needs no prophet to foretell the result. 



Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and British Columbia will surely soon 

 follow the lead of this Province in taking decided steps towards forest control. 

 And that good time will come the sooner if we entomologists preach at every oppor- 

 tunity that most important practice in the control of insect pests and fungous 

 diseases, whether in the field, the orchard, or the torestn— Clean Culture. 



INSECT NOTES FROM STE. ANNE'S —NOV. 15, SEASON OF 1910. 

 J. M. SwAiNE, Macdonald College, Que. 



Orchard Insects. 



The Apple Woolly Aphis, 8. lanigera, has been gradually increasing m num- 

 bers with us for the last few years. It is found on many of our older trees in small 

 masses, and is quite thickly scattered over the young orchard. On the young trees 

 there is much more of it on the twigs than on the trunk just at this season, and the 

 scars it causes are becoming numerous enough to need attention. Kerosene emul- 

 sion diluted 1-9 and driven in a strong stream controls it readily. I have never 

 found the root form in Quebec, although it probably occurs in small numbers. 



The Eound-headed Borer, Saperda Candida, occurs in very small numbers in 

 our orchards; although it is common enough in an orchard about a mile away. At 

 Cote St. Paul and at Rougemont it is doing serious injury. 



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