60 THE EEPOET OF THE No. 36 



extremely abundant in all fallen trees,, occurring along the entire length of the 

 trunks and in branches clown to about t^yo inches in diameter. The largest trunk 

 in which they were found were about eighteen inches in diameter, though the bark 

 was not veiy thick and the trees probably not more than about 80 years old. No 

 pitch tubes were present in any of the trees, in fact there was nothing to indicate 

 that any of them had been attacked before the storm occurred. 



The first work of this species that I saw was on July 29, On this date the 

 majorty of the mines contained larvffi that were mature or nearly so, but pupae and 

 young adults were also numerous. On the other hand a few of the galleries con- 

 tained very young larvag, just beginning their mines, and there were still a few 

 female adults running their primary galleries. On Aug 8 and 12 mature larvse, 

 pupae and pale young adults were «.ll abundant, but there were still a few adults of 

 the first generation about. By the end of the month most of the beetles had 

 emerged but they were still quite numerous under the bark, 



A few specimens of Ips caelatus, Zimm., were associated with I. pini in some of 

 the trees, but no signs were noted of the presence of I. calligraphus, Germ-, a species 

 that is very abundant at Toronto, where the pines are all dying about the city, though 

 not as a direct result of their attacks. This was probably simply due to the fact that 

 no very old trees were blown over in the storm, and it is the thick bark of old 

 trees that is chiefly affected by I. calligraphus. 



The little Pityogenes sp. was extremely abundant in recently dead branches 

 and upper parts of the trunk of white pine at De Grassi Point. I found a pros- 

 trate pine about eight inches in diameter near the base, the inner bark of which 

 was a perfect network of galleries of this species along its entire length. It was 

 associated except in the smaller branches with Ips pini which was almost equally 

 abundant. The galleries are very regular and the primary ones unlike those of 

 the pini are run transversely to the axis of the stem, the lateral mines being for 

 the most part straight and perpendicular to the primary galleries. The species 

 is of little or no economic importance on account of its attacking only 

 the smaller dead trunks and branches. 



Eesembling this species considerably in size and general appearance and in the 

 character of its work is Ips halsameus, which is found in considerable numbers in 

 the trunk of a balsam fir which had fallen in the storm. This tree had been a very 

 vigorous one and was nearing its prime when its life was thus suddenly cut off. 

 Larvae, pupae and imagoes were found throughout August and were still present 

 when I left early in September. This was the only balsam in which I found this 

 bark beetle. Several other fallen treees were examined, but the only borers found 

 were larvae of Monohammus which were universally present. 



These were also abundant in all of the fallen pines, but were for the most part 

 small, doubtless having hatched from eggs deposited the same season. In one of 

 the large trunks, however, many large larvae were found which must have en- 

 tered the trunk during an earlier season. Some of them were found in large ex- 

 cavations under the bark, but others had penetrated deep into the wood. No 

 adults or pup^e were seen. 



The only other injurious insect that has been noticeably abundant in late 

 years upon the conifers at De Grassi Point is the Spruce Gall Aphid (Chermes 

 similis. Gill.). The loose twisted galls of this aphid are exceedingly common on 

 white spruce at Lake Simcoe, especially on sickly stunted trees. Whether they 

 are in some measure the cause of the unthrifty condition of such trees or simply 

 prefer trees of poor vitality I am uncertain, but they are often abundant also in 



