66 THE REPORT OF THE A^o. 36 



Toronto, where there are many young orchards and where the scale must have been 

 sent as well as to Nova Scotia, we know of no orchard that is infested with the 

 scale. I know that temperature alone does not control the San Jose Scale; but it 

 would seem very probable that it would not thrive in Nova Scotia, as it has been 

 prevented from gaining a foothold in Eastern Ontario by climatic conditions. 



Mk. Sanders: There are two things in favor of its becoming a serious pest 

 in Nova Scotia: First, it survived the winters of 1910-11 and 1911-1.2, which were 

 quite cold in Nova Scotia. The worst infected trees we had were of 1910 planting. 

 One of the trees was very badly infested. Second, the lowest temperature in the 

 United States, where the scale occurs, is 15-18 degrees below zero, and Mr. Caesar 

 has said that the scale will survive a temperature of 33 degrees below. 



Mr. Caesar: For a short time only. 



Dr. Matheson: In Idaho the temperature sinks to 30.^ degrees below, at 

 Binghampton 40 degrees below, yet the San Jose Scale survives. Nova Scotia is 

 not very different in temperature from Western New York. I have had much 

 pleasure in listening to Mr. Sanders' paper, and speak in high commendation of 

 his work. It is my hope that the San Jose Scale may be speedily controlled. 



Dr. Hewitt: The discovery of the San Jose Scale in Nova Scotia has been 

 in a way responsible for the appointment of two Provincial Entomologists, Dr. 

 Robert Matheson for Nova Scotia, and Mr. L. Caesar for Ontario. Mr. Caesar 

 will have a serious task in dealing with the question in Ontario, on account of the 

 great interests and the many difficulties which many nurserymen raise. I know 

 it will be a hard task for the next few years to get things in good order. The 

 regulations passed by Nova Scotia will have a beneficial effect generally. The 

 inspection of nurseries in Ontario is absolutely necessary, and we know that the 

 fumigation has been and is in many cases carelessly carried out. We have assisted 

 in bringing about this requirement concerning inspection, whereby Ontario 

 nurserymen will not be allowed to ship stock into Nova Scotia unless inspected 

 and found free from scale. The work of Mr. Caesar in connection with this in- 

 spection service will be of much help in this problem which we have to face. 



Mr. Caesar : Much information is still wanted in Ontario. I have been 

 thinking over many nursery questions, and had planned a thorough study of this 

 matter before I was appointed Provincial Entomologist and before the question in 

 Nova Scotia came up. I have not been responsible for the inspection work up to 

 the present time. The discussion of the San Jose Scale in the newspapers, etc., 

 has done a great deal of good, and anything that serves to emphasize the import- 

 ance of clean stock is a benefit. The legislation of Nova Scotia will be very 

 disastrous to the nurserymen of Ontario this year. It is claimed by the nursery- 

 men that stock arriving in Nova Scotia after the journey, and being subjected to 

 what would be a second fumigation there, would probably result in injury to the 

 trees. As a test of the fumigation work in Ontario, I took heavily infested trees 

 and placed them in various places in the fumigation building and apparently all 

 the scale was killed. I hope that, if we get the expected grant, we may have 

 enough men and inspectors to inspect the various nurseries thoroughly. 



Mr. Gibson: Are the houses tight? 



Mr. Caesar: This is being looked into. The whole question will be 

 thoroughly invpsti2fiilc\ 



