1913 ENTOMOLOGIOAL SOCIETY. 69 



In a grass plot, sod was turned and one hundred pupae were placed beneath 

 the thick turf. Twenty-eight adults came to the surface in this experiment. 



The results obtained from these experiments will demonstrate to you the 

 uncanny power these small, fragile looking creatures possess of working their way 

 up to the surface. 



Shallow cultivation, as a remedial measure, was given a trial. Two plots 

 infested with pupae were worked frequently with a hoe and rake to a depth of two 

 inches. From one plot sixty-five adults and from the other thirty-one appeared. 



Exposure of Pupae. Pupae exposed to frost and other weather agents stand 

 a very poor chance of becoming adults. Only one male developed from two 

 hundred pupae which were exposed over the winter and spring. 



Soil Fumigants, Etc. Interesting results were derived from our work on 

 the destruction of pupae with soil fumigants and other chemicals. 



Plots containing pupae (one hundred in each) were treated with Apterite, 

 Vaporite and Cliff's Manurial Insecticide and these fumigants were worked into 

 the soil. Similar plots were soaked with 1)rine, lime sulphur, pyrethrum (in 

 suspension), kerosene emulsion and copper sulphate. The following table shows 

 the results : — - 



„, . , Date of first I x- \.]u]\^ No. Adults in 



Chemical. Tr^,o,.„.,.„,. ^o- Adult;,. n,,nlioafp. 



Emergency. | ^'"- -^""'^^- Duphcate. 



Vaporite ; ' ' 25 5 



Cliff's ManuriaHnsecticide ' ''28 j 3 



Brine (2 lbs. to 1 gal.) "12 36 



Lime Sulpliur (1.03) "13 ! 44 



Pyi-etlirum (1 lb. to 20 gals . ) \ "14 j 47 



Kerosene Emulsion (Double Normal) I " 17 I 11 



Copper Sulphate (1 lb. to 5 gals. ). . . | "12 44 



Check "9 j 58 



Duplicate Check I " 8 48 



Apterite July 11 15 1 



' -- ' - 3 



3 

 27 

 33 

 23 



38 



Destruction of Fallex Fruit. Some day we may discover a satisfactory 

 spray mixture or a perfect soil fumigant, but until that day we shall have to rely 

 chiefly on the old remedial measure of destroying fallen fruit. 



According to the data, which we have collected during the last two years, 

 on the emergence of maggots from fallen fruit, an orchard can be freed from 

 Apple Maggot by picking up summer apples every other day, autumn and early 

 winter varieties every second week and winter varieties every third week. 



I have with me a table whioh points out in a very marked way the influence 

 which the cold and backward weather of the past summer had on the emergence 

 of maggots: 



