i9l4 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. . (J7 



The caudal part of the mouth-cavity is closed by the maxillae and labium. 

 They form a transverse band with the labium in the centre and the maxillae on each 

 «ide (Fig. 9). The maxillae of Famphilins (Eig. 13) is the most generalized. Each 

 <»ntains a cardo (cr) consisting of two pieces, a proximal, quadrangular area and a 

 distal triangular area. The cardo is bent at right angles to the stipes (st) and 

 separated from it by a distinct suture. The octal surface of the stipes is an oblique, 

 strongly chitinized plate, which bears on the lateral margin of the distal part a 

 prominent rounded shoulder, the palpifer (pf), which in turn bears a four seg- 

 mented maxillary palpus (mp). The distal end of the stipes bears on its lateral 

 corner a two segmented appendage, not so strongly chitinized as the other parts 

 and with the distal segment bluntly and roundly pointed. This two segmented 

 appendage is the galea (gl). The mesal margin of the distal end appears as a con- 

 tinuation of the octal chitinzed plate of the stipes, much hroader at its distal end 

 ilian the galea and bearing a number of hlack setae. This is the lacinia (Ic), its 

 form can be determined best from the ental surface. In the larvae considered as 

 standing higher in the series as Cimhex, Trichiosonha, Macremphytus, and Croesus, 

 Ihe same parts can be identified, but all the parts are soft and uniformly chitinized 

 and without differentiation into sclerites on the octal surface except by transverse 

 folds. The maxillary palpus has fewer segments, two or three, and the lobe bearing 

 ihe palpifer is expanded. 



The labium (Fig. 13) in Pamphilius consists of a broad proximal piece, the 

 su'bmentum (sb), concave at its distal end, in .which the transversely oval mentum 

 ■{m) fits. The distal portion of the labium, the ligula (Ig), bears a pair of seg- 

 mented appendages on its distal end, the labial palpi (la). On the ental surface 

 •of the ligula and laterad of the labial palpi, there is en each side a protuberance, 

 a paraglossa. Between the labial palpi and arising on the ental surface, there is 

 a prominent lohe, which represents the glossa. The glossa has been modified into 

 a spinneret (Figs. 9, and 13, sp.) for the opening of the duct of the silk glands. 

 The spinneret in Cimhex and most other larvae of the Tenthredinidge, is located 

 at the distal end of the labium. The shoulder bearing the labial palpi in Pam- 

 philius is inconspicuous but is large and distinct in Cimhex, the labial palpi are 

 also more prominent. 



The head is usually a different shade of color from the remainder of the body. 

 It may be entirely black, brown, green, white, or spotted. When spotted there ap- 

 pears to be a definite relation between the spots and the head areas, as the front, 

 the dorsal part of the vertex, the genae, and the ocularium. When the head is 

 black, the minute ocellus, which is usually " white, is readily identified. The 

 ocularium in most of those larvae where the head is pale, is a prominent, round, 

 "black spot with the ocellus placed at its centre or nearly so. (Figs. 1, 3, and 8), 

 A common type of marking in the Nematinje, where the head is usually green or 

 white, is to have a fuscous 'shade along the parts of the epicranial suture and the 

 vertical furrows. In the Emphytinse and Selandriinae the head markings are 

 various combinations of a spot on the vertex between the vertical furrows, a 

 .spot including the ocularium and extending to the caudal margin of the head, and 

 a spot on the front. The spot on the front may be wanting and the spot about 

 the ocularium expanded until it meets the spot on the vertex, forming a broad 

 black band around the circumference of the head and giving the head the ap- 

 pearance of being covered by a sun-bonnet. This was a common type among the 

 supposed dolerid larvae. The spots on the front and about the ocularium may be 



