1914 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 81 



The antennsG of the more primitive groups such as the Campylomyzarise and 

 the Heteropezinse bear a number of peculiar sensory organs, the more remarkable 

 of which are the so-called stemmed disks in the genus Monardia. These are prob- 

 ably olfactory in function. 



The lionididince, as limited by us, may be easily recognized- by the presence 

 of peculiar, colorless, threadlike, homogeneous, chitinous structures which we have 

 named circumfili because they invariably run round the segment. They originate 

 or arise from the interior of the segments, are presumably auditory in nature, and 

 are discussed by Europeans under the names of arched filaments (verticili arena ta 

 and filets arques) and bow whorls (Bogenwirtel), since these common names aptly 

 describe the structures as seen in the males. These organs in the females generally 

 form a slender girdle near the base and distal portion of the enlargement on the 

 flagellate antennal segments, the two being connected by one or two longitudinal 

 threads. In the males the development may be very diverse. In the case of the 

 male Asphondylia the circumfili consist of a more or less variable series of ex- 

 tremely tortuous, slightly elevated threads reaching from the base to the apex 

 of the segment. In the Itonididinariye the circumfili of the male are frequently 

 prolonged into a series of bow-like loops girdling the basal and apical enlarge- 

 ments of the antennse; one on each in the bifili and in the trifili with two on the 

 distal enlargement. The loops of the circumfili or bow whorls may be simply 

 conspicuous sinuosities as in Caryomyia, or greatly prolonged on one side and 

 having a length equal that of the entire segment as obtains in Aphidoletes and 

 Bremia. A unique form of circumfili occurs in the genus Winnertzia. Here these 

 structures greatly resemble minute, horseshoe-like appendages, one on each face 

 of the segment, the produced free ends extending beyond the apex of the enlarge- 

 ment, while the supporting vertical threads give the appearance of a series of 

 nails. 



The peculiar circumfili, quite distinct in structure 'from auditory hetfe, 

 suggest our latest means of communication, the much vaunted ''wireless," and 

 present distinct analogies thereto. Both respond to impulses conveyed through 

 the air. It is possible the circumfili are "tuned" to vibrations unrecognizable with 

 our finest instruments, and while the devices of men may convey signals several 

 thousand miles, there is no reason for thinking that these unique antennal struc- 

 tures are relatively less efficient. 



Palpi. — The normal number of palpal segments appears to be four, tliough 

 these organs may become greatly reduced in any one of the tribes and in one 

 genus, Oligarces, appear to be wanting. The development of these organs afEorda 

 a good systematic character, and is correlated, in certain instances at least, with 

 important modifications in habit. 



Wings. — ^The organs of flight are of great value in taxonomic work and, in 

 this family, present satisfactory characters for the delimitation of subfamilies and 

 tribes. There is a cross-vein connecting subcosta and the third vein which occurs 

 in a well-developed condition in the Lestremiinse and the Epidosarise, it being 

 rudimentary or absent in the other groups except certain Heteropezinse. The pre- 

 sence of the fourth vein is limited to the Lestremiins, in which subfamily it 

 may be either forked or simple. The fifth vein also presents important modifi- 

 cations in that it may be simple, in which case there is frequently a sixth vein 

 or forked, in which latter instance the sixth has become partly fused with the 

 fifth. Certain genera in the Heteropezinse are remarkable because of the weak 

 wings and greatly reduced venation. 



6 E.S. 



