26 THE KEPORT OF THE No. 36 



I did the first spraying and Mr. Eoss tlie second. We sprayed tlie under surface of tlie 

 leaves thoroughly. Both of us went back on September 15th and thorouglily 

 examined the trees, and found but eight punctures in the whole orchard — that is in 

 the 22 acres. I had chosen the orchard and had chosen the check. The check 

 consisted of about two acres. To our surprise it was just as clean as the other 

 part. I should have said, " in a way to our surprise/' and yet the experience with 

 the Cherry Fruit Fly shows that it should not be a surprise at all; for a check in 

 the same orchard, unless it is a large one and on the side away from the prevailing 

 wind, is almost useless. We went into the neighboring orchard and examined 

 there and found that about fifty per cent, of the Tolman Sweets were punctured. 

 We feel satisfied that there is no other explanation of the success of this orchard 

 than the spraying. 



The President: Mr. 'Caesar's addition to the contribution of the discussion 

 has shown how Very important it is to carry on these experiments for several years 

 even tliough you may think that you have secured conclusive results. Those wlio have 

 followed the work which lias been done on fruit-flies in geuenal, >but on the Apple 

 Maggot in particular, will be impressed with the divergent character of the results, 

 and the more you investigate the matter the more divergent seem to be the con- 

 clusions. Therefore, we shall look forward with very great interest to the results 

 of this co-operative investigation carried on by the Dominion and Provincial Govern- 

 ments and continued for several years, in which investigation larger acreages have 

 been treated and studied than has been done in the past. A number of results 

 have been based upon the spraying of just a few trees, and as the work has shown, 

 you cannot base any good conclusions upon any such restricted experimentation; 

 therefore I think the Society is indebted to Mr. Ross and Mr. Caesar for bring- 

 ing this matter before it. 



Father ^Leopold: What mixture did you use and when did you apply it? 

 Prof. Caesar: I used three pounds of arsenate of lead to forty gallons of 

 water, in which was one gallon of the cheapest molasses procnraible. 



A question for entomologists in this connection is, are you going to kill the 

 bees? There was quite an agitation over the use of the sweetened mixtures this 

 year. I used the mixture within fifty feet of a hive of bees. I also used the 

 mixture for the grasshoppers on the same farm, and there was not a bee that came to 

 the molasses so far as could be seen. Those of you who have read in the' Canadian 

 Entomologist the articles on fruit-flies will see it stated that if you use sugar for 

 sweetening, the bees will feed upon the foliage where it is applied and you may 

 have serious loss, but in the case of molasses they have not been known to do so. 

 In the cherry orchards I kept a sheet spread underneath a tree, covering the whole 

 ' surface beneath it and, tied to the branches all round, and I never found a bee on 

 that. No bees were seen visiting the sprayed trees. The same thing is true of the 

 work upon the apples for the Apple Maggot and of the grasshopper remedy. 

 Further, I had one of the assistants at the College prepare this mixture and strew 

 it along the ground — that is the grasshopper remedy — within twenty feet of the 

 hives, to see if the bees fed on it. Only two lighted there, but quickly got up and 

 went away. He then held it within a yard of them for nearly an hour. No bees 

 went to feed. I have written to Kansas to Prof. Hunter and to Prof. Dean, and 

 also to Prof. Parrott of Geneva, N.Y., and some others, asking for their experience 

 in regard to the effect of the sweetened poison upon bees, and none of them report 



