1915 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31 



Government of Ontario in 1871. It contained three papers on the insecis affecting 

 the apple, the grape and the plum, written respectively by Eev. C. J. S. Bethune, 

 Wm. Saunders and L. Baynes Eeed. Most of the insects were illustrated. Until 

 a few months ago these pioneers were still with us. We are happy to know that 

 Dr. Bethune is still able to carry on the duties of Professor of Entomology at the 

 Ontario Agricultural 'College, Guelph, and that Mr. Baynes Eeed, though he has 

 transferred his attentions from insects to that still more elusive natural pheno- 

 menon, sometimes noxious, generally beneficial — the weather, takes a kindly 

 interest in the work of his successors. The popularity of the first Canadian 

 entomological report is evidenced by the fact that an edition of three thousand 

 copies was soon exhausted. 



Further government aid to Economic Entomology was received in 1871, when 

 the Government of the Province of Ontario passed a statute incorporating the 

 Entomological Society of Canada as the Entomological Society of Ontario, which 

 was instituted for "the investigation of the character and habits of insects, the im- 

 provement of entomological science, and more especially its practical bearing on the 

 agricultural and horticultural interests of the Province." A grant was made to the 

 society by the Provincial Government, and the "First Annual Report of the Ento- 

 mological Society of Ontario" was published. Without intermission that series of 

 annual reports has been continued, and with the assistance of the government grant, 

 which now amounts to one thousand dollars per annum, our Society has continued 

 to render its services of increasing value not only to the agriculturists of the 

 Province of Ontario but to the Dominion generally: and I feel that I must confess, 

 my regret, which is shared by others whose interests are not confined to Ontario, 

 that it was not possible to retain the old name of the Entomological Society of 

 Canada, which the Society virtually is, as it has as affiliated Societies the Entomo- 

 logical Society of British Columbia and a branch in Montreal, and members are 

 to bs found in every Province. 



Thus we trace the origin of applied entomology in 'Canada and find that the 

 real stimulus to its development came from the agricultural society (The Agri- 

 cultural and Arts Association of Ontario). In this connection it is of great 

 interest to note in passing that applied entomology had a similar origin, which 

 preceded ours, in the United States. First in the State of New York and sub- 

 sequently in Illinois and Missouri the development of entomological work, with 

 which the names of Fitch and Eiley are associated, can be traced to the agri- 

 cultural societies of these States. 



We have seen that applied entomology in 'Canada had its genesis and official 

 recognition in the Province of Ontario. Let us turn to the recognition by the 

 Dominion Government of the fact that the study and control of injurious insects 

 constitutes an integral factor in the development of agricultural and forestry 

 resources of the country. 



Development op Dominion Woek. 



In 1884 the Minister of Agriculture, (Hon. J. H. Pope), on the recommenda- 

 tion of a Select Committee, and in accordance with recommendations from different 

 parts of the country, appointed a Dominion Entomologist; the position being an 

 honorary one in the first year. Fortunately for the country there was at hand a 

 man eminently suited to undertake such work, and the appointment of the late Dr. 

 James Fletcher, at that time working among books in the Library of Parliament 

 during the day, and among insects during his "spare" and happier moments, was a 



