1915 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. lOi) 



seconds on an average. In one case a female laid five eggs in thirty minutes., 

 Punctures are often made without any eggs being laid, for instance 43 punctures 

 were found in one cherry in the orchard, but only five eggs deposited. 



The eggs hatch in warm weather on an average in five days. Sometimes only 

 four days are required, but in colder weather this is not infrequently increased to 

 eight days. 



Number of Larv.e in a Cherry and Length of the Larval Stage. 



It is claimed that there is only one larva to a cherry, but we found as 

 high as four in one instance, three in several others, and two in many cases. One 

 is, however, the usual numlber. 



The larval stage varies with the rate of the ripening of the fruit after the egg 

 hatt^hes. In July it is about 13 or 14 days on an average. In colder weather it 

 nuiy be three weeks. 



In most cases the larva", when they are half grown or more, make one or some- 

 times two little holes in the skin of the fruit. These are supposed to be for breath- 

 ing purposes. 



Pupation. 



As soon as they are full grown the larva> come out of the ripe fruit, drop to 

 tbe ground and at once seek to enter it. Having done this they contract the 

 anterior and posterior segments to form the puparia, and after the lapse of some 

 time change to the pupas inside these. 



The usualdepth is about one inch where the soil is soft and well cultivated, but 

 in cracks in hard soil they go several inches defep. Sometimes in hard soil, covered 

 with grass, puparia are to be found almost on the surface in among the roots and 

 protected by these from the sun. 



The puparia of fausta are whitish or cream colored : those of cingulata brown, 

 'ibis may not be true just at first, but is after the lapse of some weeks. 



It lias been proved in Ontario as well as in Xew Hampshire that the Apple Mag- 

 got may remain through two winters in the pupal stage before emerging. We have 

 not had an opportunity to test this with the Fruit Fies, but observed that some 

 pups, which did not emerge in the summer, were still healthy in the autumn. This 

 suggests that it is possible a few do remain in this stage two seasons. 



Natural Means of Control. 



1. Ants destroy many freshly emerged adults before their wings can become 

 developed. They aliso capture many larvje after they leave the fruit and before 

 they can enter the soil. 



2. Spiders capture a numher of adults. 



3. Birds, including poultry, feed on pusp^e and larvse on or in the ground. 



4. Numerous larvte, where the surface is hard, fail to enter the surface and die 

 from exposure to heat or fall a prey to ants or other predaceous foes. Pupa3 must 

 have protection from sun and dry atmosphere. 



Control by Spraying. 



The flies can easily be controlled by two applications of a sweetened poison on 

 the fruit and foliage. The first should be made as soon as the earliest adults are 

 seen, which in Niagara is the first week in June, or about a week before the early 



