LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XVII 



Page 



FiorRE 88. Stevens rail adopted by the Royal Railway of Sweden, 1854 687 



89. Stevens rail in use ou the Western Railway of France, 1855 C87 



90. Stevens rail, Chemin do for da Nord, France, 1883. (Called the Vignole rail in 



Europe) C88 



91. Standard rail of Belgian Government Railways, 1889. Sand berg section C88 



92. Boll-headed rail, Strasbourg Railway, 1858 689 



93. Ball-headed rail, Avignon and Marseilles Railway, 1838 r>>9 



94. Bull-headed rail, Bath Branch, Great "Western of England, 1858 689 



95. Bull-headed rail, London and Northwestern Railway, 1889 689 



90. Cross-tie — Split quarter log 690 



97. Cross-tie— Split half log C90 



98. Cross-tie — Whole log hewn both sides 690 



99. Steel tie and permanent way, London and Northwestern Railway, 1885 691 



100. Metal track, London and Northwestern Railway of England, 1889 092 



101. Metal track. Midland Railway of England, 1889 ■ 692 



102. Metal track, Normanton line, Queensland, 1889 692 



103. Metal "Pot " tie system, Midland Railway of India, 1889 692 



104. Metal track, Holland "Post" tie, 1889 C93 



105. Metal track, Great Central Railway of Belgium, 1889. 693 



106. Bergh and Marche metal track system, Elberfeld Railway, Germany, 1889 693 



107. Haarman longitudinal metal track, Right-Bauk-of-tbe-Rhiue Railway, 1889 694 



108. Metal track, Vautherin system, France, 1889 694 



109. Metal track, Egyptian Agricultural Railway, 1889 694 



110. Metal track, Bilbao and Las Arenas, Spain, 1889 695 



111. Metal track, Central Railway, Argentine Republic, 1889 695 



112. Half lap joint, Ilet ton rail, 1824 695 



113, 113 a. Joint chair and wedge, Old Postage Railroad, 1332 696 



114. Stone block, rail, and joint tongue laid on Camden and Amboy Railroad in 1831 . . . 696 



115. Single splice bar for rail, rolled by the Phoenix Iron Company, 1855. (From 



chart furnished by the Phoenix Iron Company) 697 



116,117. Double splice bars for rail, rolled by the Phoenix Iron Company, 1856. (From 



charts furnished by the Phoenix Iron Company) 097 



118. Plain splice bar, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1870 098 



119. Wooden joint block, New Jersey Railroad, about 1860 



120. King, joint, and wedge used on the West Jersoy Railroad 099 



121-128. A ngle splice bars 700, 701 



129. Double angle Sayre Fitz splice bar, Lehigh Valley Railroad, 1899 704 



130. Joint fixture used on western railroads, 1869 705 



131. Fisher & Norris joint fixture as improved by Clark Fishor, 1888 705 



132. £\ Staple iron used as a makeshift lor a frog, Camden aud Amboy Railroad, 1831. 706 



133. Frogs, colliery railroads of England, 1823 706 



134. Frogs, Old Postage Railroad, about 1835 706 



135. Rail frog, invented by Joseph Wood, New Jersey, 1859 707 



136. S wit (lies in colliery railroads, England, 1823 707 



137. Switch with ' Ball " counterweight 708 



ANIMALS BEI I.NTI.Y EXTINCT OR THBEATENED WITH BXTEBMIKATIOX, BY FBBDEBIC A. I.l'CAS. 



Map 1. Distribution of the West Indian Seal 015 



2. Distribution of the Rytina 624 



3. Distribution of Didine birds 631 



4. Distribution of tin- Great \uk 639 



5. Distribution of Pallas' Cormorant Oil 



6. Distribution of Galapagos 1 Tortoises 644 



7. Showing area of destruction of Tilelish 048 



H. Mis. 224, pt. 2 II 



