REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 171 



tecture, and was arranged in such a way as to direct attention to the 

 improvements in vessels of modern times over those of earlier years. 

 The exhibit consisted chiefly of rigged models, builders 1 models, and pict- 

 ures. It contained many objects of historic interest which attracted much 

 attention. The historical series began with the viking ship, dating back 

 to 800 A. D., and included the famous Columbus fleet of 1492, the Car- 

 rack of the Sixteenth century, the Spanish Galleon of the Sixteenth 

 and Seventeenth centuries, the " Sally Constant" (the "Mayflower" of 

 the Virginia Colony), the "Mayflower" of 1G20, and the " Cumberland", 

 sunk at Hampton Roads during the late war. The other series contained 

 models of the kyack or skin-boat of the Eskimo, the various types of 

 fishing vessels of different periods, the principal kinds of merchant ves- 

 sels and other sailing craft, and both river and ocean steamers of mod- 

 ern pattern. 



SECTIOX OF PHOTOGRAPHY. 



The photographic exhibit was prepared by Mr. T. W. Smillie, the 

 photographer of the Xational Museum. The original plan was very 

 comprehensive, the intention being to show, in so far as practicable, the 

 origin and growth of the science, the various processes and appliances, 

 the different uses of photography, and the literature of the subject; 

 but the limited time remaining after the passage of the bill made it im- 

 possible to fully carry out the scheme. The representation of origin 

 and growth was therefore practically neglected, and the collection of 

 appliances was of necessity somewhat limited, Mr. Smillie's attention 

 being devoted chiefly to showing the more important processes and the 

 various uses of the science. The collection of apparatus included por- 

 trait and landscape cameras of former years, both single and stereo- 

 scopic, a complete daguerreotyper's outfit, and a number of the more 

 satisfactory portrait, enlarging, landscape, and detective cameras of the 

 present day. The series of processes included the Daguerreotype, Tal- 

 botype, albumen, collodion, and gelatine negative processes ; also series 

 showing samples of plain, albumen, bromide, and other silver prints, as 

 well as prints by the platinum, carbon, uranium, asphalt, and the nu- 

 merous iron processes. Enlarged prints by the use of whey, platinum, 

 and bromide, the collodion transparency, and transferotypes on paper, 

 canvas, and porcelain were also exhibited. 



In addition to the ordinary uses to which photography is applied, at- 

 tention was directed to its great value in other directions. One series 

 of photographs illustrated its use, in connection with the microscope, in 

 the study of disease germs, embryology, lithology, mineralogy, etc.; and 

 another in connection with the telescope, in making astral charts, in 

 studying eclipses, stellar spectra, and the like. Examples were also 

 displayed showing its value for other purposes, such as the study of 

 botany, zoology, architecture, Lamp flames, explosives, in the detection 

 of criminals, in map and chart making, in recording the fluctuations in 



