DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN KAIL AND TRACK. 



689 



surface, ami in some cases as shown in the rail laid on the Strasbourg 

 Railway in 1858, the top and bottom were rolled exactly alike. (See 

 Fig. 02, made from the drawing in the collection.) But as it was found 



Fig. 92. 



Bull-Headed Bail — Strasbourg 

 Railway, 1858. 



From .i drawing m the V S. National Museum. ) 



Bull-Headed Rail— Avignon and 

 Marseilles Railway, 1858. 



(From a drawing in the U. S. National Museum. ) 



that the wear of the rail iu the chairs made the lower surface rough, 

 tlii.s practice was abandoned, and a larger portion of the metal has since 

 generally been put into the head to give increased wearing surface. A 

 section of the rail designed with this end in view, and in use on the 

 Avignon and Marseilles Railway in 1858, from a drawing in the collec- 

 tion, is shown in Fig. 93. 



English railway managers continue to lay the a bull-headed" rail in 

 chairs in a very similar manner to what was done fifty or sixty years 

 ago. 



Fig. 94. 



Bull-headed Rail— Bath Branch Great 

 Western of England, 1858. 



[From i drawing in the V. S. National .Museum.) 



Fig. 95. 



Bull-headed Kaii London and North- 

 western Railway, 1889. 



Prom original in the V. S National .Museum.) 



Cross-sections of the rail laid on the Great Western Railway in 

 1858 is shown in Fig. 94 (from a drawing in the collection), and a cross- 

 section of the rail of the London and Northwestern Railway in 1889 

 is shown in Fig. 95 (from an original rail in the collection). 

 II. Mis. L'24, pt. 2 U 



