DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN KAIL AND TRACK. 



693 



extending across the track and held in position by wedges driven into 

 a slot in the end of each tie bar. 



HOLLAND, GERMANY AND BELGIUM. 



The "Post" tie, see Fig. 104, has been used extensively on the conti- 

 nent of Europe. The section varies in depth and width at the center, 



Fig. 104. 

 Metal Tback, Holland "Post" Tie, 1889. 



(From a drawing i" the V. S. National Museum.) 



quarter, and ends; being the deepest in the center, an admirable op- 

 portunity is given for ballasting. The rail is held to the tie by an adjust- 

 able clip fastened by bolt and nut. 



Fig. 105. 



Metal Tkack, Great Central Railway of Belgium, 1889. 



(From a drawing in tlie r s. National Museum.) 



The iron ties used on the Great Central Railway of Belgium (see Fig. 

 105), are also made narrow in the middle, and the rail on this tie is fas- 

 tened with a screw bolt, the head of which has a direct hold on the base 

 of the rail. 



Fig. 106. 

 Bergh and Mabche metal track system, Elbeefbld Railway, Germanv, 1889. 



(From ,i drawint in the U. S. National Museum. ) 



The Bergh and Marche system is used on the Elberfeld Railway, of 

 Germany. The fingered fastening slides over the base of the rail, hold- 

 ing it to the tie. See Fig. 100. 



