694 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889. 



On tbe Right Bank-of-the-Rhiue Railway, the Haarman longitudinal 

 system is now in use (See Fig. 107). Iron cross-ties are first imbedded 



—-<-*"""*'*»£ 



Fig. 107. 

 Haarman Longitudinal Metal Track, Right-Bank-of-the-Riiine Railway, 1889. 



(From a drawing in the U. S. National Museum. ) 



in the ground, and to these the longitudinal iron sleepers are fastened. 

 The base of the rail is held in place by a very complicated system of 

 fastening. 



FRANCE, EGYPT, SPAIN, ETC. 



The Vau therm tie, which is used on several French railways, is very 

 similar in shape to that used on the Midland Railway, of England, the 

 chair being attached to the tie by bolt and nut. See Fig. 108. 



Fig. 108. 

 Metal Track, Vautherin System, France, 1889. 



(From a drawing in the U. S. National Museum. 



On the Egyptian Agricultural railroads the Stevens rail is laid on a 

 series of short pieces of stamped iron which are held in place by tie- 





Fig. 109. 

 Metal Track, Egyptian Agricultural Railway. 1889. 



( From :i draw ing in the V. S. Na1 i>uj:iI Museum ) 



rods. This system is in use through portions of Egypt where the traf- 

 fic and character of the soil make it possible to use this system, which 

 is similar to the "pot" tie system in India. See Fig. 109. 



