DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN RAIL AND TRACK. 



707 



frog (deposited in the collection) which was laid on the old Portage 

 Railroad about 1835. It will be noticed that the casting at the end of 

 the frog is designed to fit the Clarence T" rail previously described. 



As the speed of trains increased, the cast-iron frog was found to be 

 uusafe, and various forms of rail frogs were constructed. Fig. 135 is 



Cfrntdh-RyhUunulTmelc 



Fif. 135. 

 Rah. Frog, iwkntkd by Joseph Wood, New Jersey. 1859. 



(From nun!. i S. National Museum.) 



made from a model of an old rail (shifting) frog in the collection. This 

 type of frog was invented by Mr. Joseph Wood, of Red Bank, New 

 Jersey, in 1859, and formed the basis of the invention of many types of 

 spring- rail frogs now in use. 



JW* / 1-uK '■> <A* /""<■ 



Fig. 136. 

 Switches in Collier* Railroads, England, 1825. 



(From drawings in the (J - National Museum. ) 



SWITCHES. 



Two types of switches in use in England in 1825 are shown in Fig. 

 13G. The drawings in the collection from which these are made are 



