46 REPORT OE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889. 



Oxidized aud sulphide copper ores are shown in the collections from 

 the various smelting works. The smelting of oxidized ores for 

 pig-copper is illustrated by 14 specimens from the Copper Queen 

 mine; aud the refining of this pig to ingot is illustrated by 19 speci- 

 mens from the Ansouia Brass and Copper Company, Ansonia, Con- 

 necticut. The smelting of sulphide ores is illustrated by eight collec- 

 tions. The older form of the process is illustrated by 12 specimens 

 from the Vermout Copper Company, Ely, Vermont; 23 specimens 

 from the Schuylkill Copper Works, Phuenixville, Pennsylvania; and 

 14 specimens from the Union Mining Company, Dncktown, Tennessee. 

 A newer form is illustrated by 8 specimens from the Orford Works, 

 Bergenport, New Jersey, and a modification involving a long roasting 

 of the matte in a reverberatory furnace, is illustrated by 34 specimens 

 from the St. Genevieve Works, Missouri. The smelting of sulphide 

 ores containing silver for the production of a rich matte, is illustrated 

 by three collections from Butte, Montana. 



Reverberatory smelting is illustrated by 16 specimens from the Mon- 

 tana smelter aud 10 specimens from the Parrott smelter. Shaft-fur- 

 nace smelting is illustrated by 11 specimens from the Bell smelter. 

 The treatment of copper ores by the Hunt and Douglas wet process is 

 illustrated by 14 specimens from the Schuylkill Works, Phceuixville, 

 Pennsylvania. 



The application of copper is illustrated by 18 specimens, showing 

 more particularly the rolling of copper. 



Seventeen specimens illustrate the mineralogy of iron. The direct 

 extraction of iron from its ores is illustrated by 14 specimens from the 

 Bogersfield mine and Belmont forge, New York. A large number of 

 interesting photographs of the works accompany this collection. The 

 manufacture of crucible steel from puddled bar is illustrated by a com- 

 plete collection of 28 specimens from the Crescent Steel Works, Pitts- 

 burgh, Pennsylvania. 



The manufacture of Bessemer steel is very fully illustrated by a col- 

 lection of 74 specimens from the South Chicago Works, taken by spe- 

 cial collectors. This collection begins with the ores, fuels, aud fluxes 

 used in the blast furnace. Starting with a given charge the metal was 

 followed from the blast furnace through each stage of manipulation 

 until the rail was rolled, 2:20 minutes after the metal was tapped from 

 the blast furnace. Samples were taken wherever possible. To this 

 systematic illustration of a blow are added many general specimens, 

 particularly a full series of refractory materials. The smelting of mag- 

 netite with a mixture of anthracite coal and coke is illustrated by 19 

 specimens from the Crown Point, New York, furnace; the smelting of 

 a mixture of several (six to eight) different ores with anthracite and 

 coke, by 10 specimens from the Warwick furnace, Pottstown, Pennsyl- 

 vania; the smelting of very sulphurous and cupreous magnetite from 

 a single mine with a mixture of anthracite and coke, by 18 specimens 



