Report of National Museum, 1893. PlATE 1Q 





iJjJS 



IZORAN STAND Inlaidwith mother- 

 ■'^^ of-pearl. Inscribed with the usual 

 Mohammedan invocation before anv re- j. 



hgious act: "In the Name of God," i|. 

 and the date A, H. 1210. ^"j' 



Constantinople, Turkey. 154,757. ;'.':' 



The Koran, the sacred bookof Islam, is treated by 

 the MohammcdaJis with great external veneration 

 and reverence. They generally take care never 

 to hold it, and thcv deposit it upon a high and 

 clean place, and never put another book, or any- 

 thing else ori top of it. When read it is placed on 

 a. stand. The reading of the Koran should com- 

 mence with legal ablution and prayer. The usual 

 prayer is : "I seek protection with God against 

 Satan the accursed," followed by the invocation : 

 " In the name of' God the Merciful, thtf Compas- 

 sionate."' In the services ol the mosque it is 

 chanted bv the imam, or the leader in prayer. 



VOTIVE RELIEF DEDICATED TO CYBELE 



(Cast) 



FOUND IN ATTICA, GREECE. 



i^g; Representing the goddess seated on a throne holding in one hand a 



:^^:3 bowl, in the other the flattened drum or cymbal, with a lion at her feet. 



Xv.V; Before her stands a woman holding a bundle of twigs, and part of another 



j3?j figure holding an amphora. 



Original of Marble in the Roval Museum of Berlin. 154,656. 





S Cybele or Rhea was called the "Great Mother of the Gods" The original home W<A 



J of her worship was in Phrygia. (Asia Minor), in the district aftenvards known as Galatia. ^'i'. 



'i^$ Her priests were called Corybantes, and her festivals were celebrated with wild dances, "cAk- 



"3^-S 3nd orgiastic excesses amid the resounding music of drums and cymbals. From Asia fc^Jy 



'>f0 her woVship came to Greece, and at Athens she had a temple called the Metroun, the w|^ 



;■■-;<; temple of the great mother. j'l'^' 



■"I'.'.f^ In Rome her worship was introduced during the second Punic war in 204 B. C. Ev:4^ 



;3"V A yearly festival was instituted in her honor (.April 2-4I called the Megalesia, and under '{;£[ 



'?':i the empire another in .March which was celebrated with the observance of mourning .STvf 



: ■>) followed by the most extravagant joy In the second century A. D. the festivals Tait- tC-^Ji 



.vtS robolia and Cnobolia were added 



';}:.i^ Amone the ceremonies observed in these lestivals was a kind of baptism with the .., 



v.-'.?; blood of bulls and rams killed in sacrifice, with the object of cleansing and bringing vA 



iyp% about a new birth The oak and the pine, as also the lion were sacred to her She j'^ 



■ ;^ was supposed to traverse the mountains riding on a lion, or in a chariot drawn by lions. ^^ 



'■~:>. She IS usually represented enthroned between lions, with a diadem on her head, and a ^§ 



■.,^.' small drum or cymbal, the instrument used in her rites, in her hand. ^§ 



'IM - ^P 



Specimen forms of labels. 



