672 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1893. 



With the Nepalese (;oiisort he had takeu to himself, Buddhism, which 

 had probably beeu kuowu to, though not adopted to auy extent by, 

 the Tibetans prior to this date, became the state religion, and the form 

 of that religion obtaining in Nepaul was adopted by the Tibetans, 

 though a number of ceremonies and customs peculiar to tlieir national 

 Boubo religion were retained by them and incorporated in the new 

 foith. 



With the Chinese princess who was married to Srong-tsan-gambo, 

 somewhere about 635 A. D., many Chinese customs and valuable inven- 

 tions found their way into Tibet. The Tibetan history from which most 

 of the preceding data are obtained says that rice wine {samshu) and 

 barley wine {eh''an(j), butter, and cheese then for the first time became 

 known in Tibet, the people learned how to make i^ottery, and water 

 mills and looms were introduced into the country. 



Chinese history tells us that when the king took the princess Wen- 

 ch'eng to his capital, which he had but recently transferred to Lh'asa 

 from a point further south, at or near the capital of the first king, Nya- 

 tri tsanpo, he built her a ])alace in Chinese style. 



But the princess, disliking tlie reddish-brown color Avitli which the people were 

 in the habit of coating- their faces, * the king forbade the practise throughout the 

 realm. He himself, discarding his felt and sheepskin garments, wore fine silks 

 and brocades, and gradually adopted Chinese customs. He sent the children of his 

 chief men to attend the schools of China, there to study the classics, and his official 

 communications to the Emperor were written in Chinese. He asked the Emperor to 

 send him silkworm eggs, wine ]tresses, paper and ink makers. These things, 

 together with the imperial almanack, were all sent him. (Wei-Tsang t'u chih, in 

 Jour. Roy. Asiat. Soc, n. s., xxui, p. 191.) 



But more than anything else the introduction of, and the rapid con 

 quest of the country, by Buddliist missionaries from Nepal, Kashmir, 

 and China helped to mold the culture of the country into its present 

 foini, in which the arts and customs of India and China are found side 

 by side overlaying the rude native civilization, though the latter is 

 never entirely hidden from view. 



Under the reign of the grandson of Srong-tsan gambo, Guug-srong 

 du-je by name, tea was introduced into Tibet from China, and earrings 

 and new modes of hairdressing were brought there from India. 



A little later on it is said that works on astronomy and a>trology, 

 medicine and surgery, were translated from Sanskrit and Chinese into 

 the stilted, artificial literary Tibetan which had grown up since the 

 introduction of the alphabet and tJie adoption of Buddhism in the 

 country. (See W. W. Eockhill, Life of the Buddha, p. 201 et seq.) 



At this point in the history of the civilization in Tibet, Chinese and 

 native works alike fail us, but enough has been got from them to show 



* Tibetan women at the present day cover their faces with a black paste made of 

 catechu and grease, to protect the skin, which in such a dry and windy countrN \\()ul(l, 

 without it, l)e badly cracked. (See Jour. Roy. Asiat. Soc, u. s., xxiii, j). 225, and 

 W. W. Rockhill, Land of the Lamas, p. 214.) 



