NOTES ON THE ETHNOLOGY OF TIBET. 689 



and uortbern Tibet, and also by the Mongols of the Ts'aidam. That 

 worn by the Mongols of the Ts'aidam (pi. 4, tig 3) is of felt, the crown a 

 truncated cone about 8 inches high with a flat top and about U inches 

 in diameter where it joins the brim, which is some 15 inches in diame- 

 ter. The brim is usually faced with red or blue cotton, and a string, 

 with a slipknot drawn tight under the chin, holds it on the head. The 

 summer hat worn in Tibet, and called shara or chyar dja, is higher and 

 heavier. The crown and brim are made of blades of coarse grass bound 

 together with woolen thread; over this is sewn white cotton. The 

 inside of the brim is faced with red cloth. A band of felt about an inch 

 broad projects from the base of the crown, and the head fits in it. It 

 is held on the head by a throatlatch, on which slides a bead as seen in fig. 

 4. The specimen in the Museum is an exceptionally tine shara, made in 

 Namru de,near the Tengri nor. The inhabitants of this district are noted 

 for the quality of the summer hats they manufacture. This hat is not, 

 as far as I am aware, used in central or western Tibet, but I have seen 

 it in common use among the K'amba of eastern Tibet. (Land of the 

 Lamas, pp. 182, 256.) 



The common fur-trimmed cap with a large flap behind and broad ear 

 pieces, in general use in northern China and Mongolia (pi. 3, tig. 1), is 

 manufactured in Peking for the trade; it is also in common use in Tibet. 

 The Tibetan form is shown in pi. 4, fig. 1. In Lit'aug the men wear in 

 summer a circular piece of white cotton cloth ornamented on the top 

 with a blue-cloth disk, the center of which is red. A drawing string 

 fixed in the lining enables them to fasten it on their heads, and their 

 heavy queues are twisted around it. (Land of the Lamas, p. 243.) 



Ge<)rge Bogle, who visited Shigatse, in Ulterior Tibet, in 1774, thus 

 describes the dress of the people of that country : 



The servants and peasants wear horizontal caps made of locks of sheeps' wool, 

 dyed yellow. They are like the Scotch bonnets, but much larger. I never saw one 

 above 3 feet in diameter. The women in the winter time cover their heads with 

 small, rough caps of the same materials. Sometimes they dye them a deep blood-red. 

 * ' " The higher laymen wear tunics of satin, brocaded or plain, lined with sheep 

 and lamb skin or Siberian furs, a round cap faced with fur and crowned with a 

 silk tassel, and Bulgar-hide boots. Red broadcloth tunics are also far from uncom- 

 mon. The women wear a jacket and petticoat, reaching a little below the knee, of 

 coarse blanket, or serge, striped or plain, or of Chinese satin, according to their con- * 

 dition; Tatar stockings, soled with leather and gartered uuder the knee. When 

 dressed, they have a piece of cloth thrown cloak -like over their shoulders. All ranks 

 of them are at great pains in adorning their heads, plaiting their hair neatly enough 

 with coral and amber beads, bugles, or pearls. They wear, also, necklaces of them, 

 where the pieces of amber are sometimes as large as a hen's egg. The ((uantity of 

 the two first kinds of Iteads that is on the head, even of a peasant's wife or daughter, 

 IS amazing. The last two sorts fall to the share only of the ladies. (C. R. Markham, 

 Narrative of the Mission of George Bogle, etc., p. 120.) 



Before passing to a description of the ornaments worn by Tibetans, 

 it is necessary to describe the mode of wearing the hair, as most of the 

 ornaments worn by the women are attached to their hair. 

 H. Mis. 184, pt. 2 44 



