736 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1893. 



A Tibetau history of the sandal wood image of the Buddha, known 

 as the Tsandan Jovo and now preserved in the Chan tan ssu at Peking, 

 referring to the benefits to be derived from walking round sacred monu- 

 ments, says (p. 11 et seq.) : 



He who walks around a cli'iirten. 

 In all circuuistauces of life, 

 By gods, nagas, and yakshas, 

 As by rakslias, shall be honored. 



Whoever makes a ceremonial circle 



Of the ch'iirten of the Lord of the world [i. e . the Bnildha] 



Acquires more [might] than by reciting 



Chai'ms during a million of world jteriods. 



Fire and ])oisun and weapons 

 Shall never bring about his death; 

 Living in wisdom, in the fullness of time — 

 When his life is run, he shall die. 



He who circumambulates a ch'iirten 



Shall have wealth of castles, wealth of land, 



Of villages a goodly stoie; 



He shall reach the summit of worldly bliss. 



While walking round the ch'iirten he must repeat the following Sans- 

 krit charm: 



Namo Bhagavate ratna ketu radjaya Tathagathayu aryate samyak-sam-Buddhaya 

 tatyatha. Om ratne, ratne, maha ratna, ratna vidzaya. Swaha. 



Objects connected with relif/ious ivorship. — The roii'a,ry {treng-wa) is not 

 only an essential part of the lama's dress but of that of nearly all the 

 laity, male and female, in Tibet. 



As a Buddhist article [says Dr. Waddell] the rosary is especially peculiar to the 

 northern school of Buddhists, and the outcome of the esoteric teachings of the 

 Mahayana school, instilling belief in the potency of muttering mystic spells and 

 other strange formulas. (L. A. Waddell, Jour. Asiat. See. Bengal, lxi, p. 24, et seq.) 



On pi. 35 is shown the form of rosary in common use among lamas. 

 It contains 108 discoidal shell beads, of uniform size, divided into four 

 groups of 27 beads each by 3 red coral beads; where the two ends of 

 the string of beads come together they are passed through a large 

 amber bead, a smaller discoidal, and a conical one, so that the two 

 look like a fat, long-necked vase. These last two beads are called 

 dodzin {rdog-hdzin)^ "retaining or seizing beads.'' 



Four short leather thongs strung on the rosary beside the do-dzinhy 

 silver rings have silver beads on each of them, and at the lower end of 

 one there is a little silver dorje. These strings are used as counters 

 {drang-dzin) in the following fashion : When a certain charm has been 

 recited 108 times the first bead on the string, to which is attached the 

 dorje, is slid up the string, and so on for each series of 108 repetitions till 

 the tenth time; then the first bead on the string next to the dorje string 

 is slid up, and so on for the four strings of counters. Usually the string 



