NOTES ON THE ETHNOLOGY OF TIBET. 743 



PI. 45 represents au image of Ts'e-pa-med, the " god of endless 

 life;" in Sanskrit, Amitayns. This god is also known as Wu-pa-med, or 

 "Endless light;" in Sanskrit, Amitabha. Under the name of Ts'e-pa- 

 med he is implored for longevity. The god is represented seated, hold- 

 ing before him in his right hand a bowl (often a sknll) filled with the 

 water of life; the left hand rests with nptnrned palm in his lap under 

 the right. 



PI. 46 represents Tamdrin; in Sanskrit, Ilayagriva. This god is 

 one of the Drag-shed or gods who protect man against evil spirits. 

 He is here represented with three faces of hideous expression and on 

 his head is a crown of flames. He has six arms and two legs, and 

 around his waist is a girdle of leaves. In his upper right hand he 

 holds a noose, and in the lower an arrow; m his ui^per left hand is a 

 8-leaved flower( ?) and in his lower left a bow. The middle rigiit hand, 

 which he holds before him, has in it a cross dorje. The middle left 

 hand is empty, the thumb touching the second and third fingers, the 

 index and little linger held extended. A long rosary hangs around 

 his neck, and he is kneeling on his left knee. He has three eyes in 

 ea<'h foce, the third eye upon the forehead being that of wisdom.* 



PI. 47 shows a remarkably fine specimen of work, representing the 

 god of wealth or god protector of treasures {Gnnl-ar yijiri norhn), also 

 a Drag- shed. The god is three-faced, with a crown of flames. He 

 stands erect on two elephants, and has six arms. The middle ones are 

 held before him with offerings in them. The upper right hand holds 

 a dorje, the npi^er left a beclion or club. The lower right holds a damaru 

 or small hand drun), and the lower left a snare {dzagpa). This image 

 was made at Lh'asa. 



PI. 48 is supposed to represent Ch'os-bjin jainba. The saint is 

 clothed in a mantle fiilling over the arms, while his hands are held in 

 the position of prayer or supplication. The earrings are peculiar and 

 unusual. This image and the following were bought at the great lama- 

 sery of Kumbum, and are not of as fine workmanship as the three pre- 

 ceding ones. 



PI. 49 represents the image of some holy man, apparently a Chinese; 

 but I have not been able to identify him. 



One of the principal treasures of the great lamasery of Kumbum is 

 the so-called white sandal wood, si^rung from the hair of Tsongk'apa, 

 the founder of the " Yellow church," who was born at this place 

 toward the middle of the fourteenth century of our era. The leaves 

 of Lhis tree are carefully collected and sold to pilgrims, who use them 

 as medicine or wear them as charms in their gaico. Abbe Hue says that 

 when he saw the tree, characters of the Tibetan alphabet were visible 

 on every leaf and in the bark. At j^resent it is said that images of 

 Tsougk'apa are sometimes visible on some of the leaves, when the person 



* Wherever seen in images of gods, the third eye in the middle of the forehead la 

 the eye of wisdom, or foreknowledge. 



