744 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1893. 



looking for them has sufficient faith.* The tree is probably a lilac. 

 {Syringa villosa, Vahl.) 



A lot of leaves of this tree were bought by me at Kumbum in 1891. 



Trees sprung from the hair of saints are quite numerous in Tibet. 

 Explorer U — G — saw, on the left bank of Tsangpo ch'u, below Chet'ang 

 and near the Sangri Khama monastery, a hill overshadowed by cypress 

 trees, "all of which sprung from the scattered hairs of a saint, which 

 were cast to the winds hereabouts." (Keport of Explorations in Tibet, 

 Bhutan, etc., p. 28.) Sarat Chandra Das saw at TashiFuupo a juniper 

 bush in which the hair of Gedundrub, the founder of the lamasery, is 

 still "said to exist." 



The Arab traveler Ibn Batutah saw, in the fourteenth century, at 

 Deh Fattan, on the Malabar coast, a tree on the leaf of which there 

 appeared every year, "written by the pen of divine power," the words, 

 "There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is the envoy of Allah." 

 (Ibu Batutah, Travels, Defremery's edition, iv, p. 88.) This last-men- 

 tioned tree was probably, according to Mr. T. Dyer, a c/raftophyllum. 



A small mold of wood with a number of figures of a loaded yak, of a 

 man, a dog, etc., and Buddhist emblems cut in it, may be found in pi. 

 33, fig. 1. It is used to mold figures in fsa^nba, which are afterwards 

 colored and figure in certain ceremonies for expelling the demon of 

 sickness.t 



The two most commonly used kinds of incense {sjws) are the larger 

 sticks of the shakama pos or satfron-colored incense, also known as 

 jamhling liun-jyab or " world pervading," on account of the great strength 

 of the perfume, and a smaller variety which is of a deep violet color, 

 and is in common use in all temples and for household worship. Great 

 quantities of it are manufactured in central Tibet (Lh'asa and Shigatse) 

 and exported to China, Mongolia, and every corner of Tibet.|: 



A frequently used substitute for incense consists in dried spines of 

 the juniper {shiika) mixed with a little butter and salt, these ingredients 

 making the spines burn more readily and completely. This kind of 

 incense is very extensively used throughout Tibet and parts of 

 Mongolia. 



PI. 50 shows a j)itcher G inches high, of cast brass, in the shape 

 of an ewer. ]t is roughly ornamented with a series of lines and dots, 

 and around the base is written in Tibetan characters a mantra. The 

 handle is large and cast at the same time as the body. The use to 

 which this ewer is put is not known, but it is certainly not a household 

 utensil. It is a rough piece of work -, probably in an unfinished state. 



Musical instruments. — Music, both instrumental and vocal, is a promi- 

 nent feature in lamaic ceremonies. The principal instruments used 

 are the drum, trumpet, flageolet, cymbals, and conch shell. The drums 



* See Prince Henri d'Orleans, Le pere Hue et ses critiques, pp. 34^2. 

 tFor a full account ot these ceremonies, the reader is leferretl to Emil Schhiuint- 

 weit, Buddhism in Tibet, p. 269 et seq. 



tSee also Jouru. Roy. Asiat. See, n. s. xxiii, p. 281. 



