REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 53 



iutimiite acciuaiiitance with the j^ames of the Zimi and a kuowledge gained by his 

 investigations at the World's Fair. 



A study of these primitive games reveals the fact that they were not jilayed for 

 amusement, as among civilized people, 1)ut chiefly for divination, which was prac- 

 ticed in connection with industries and enterprises of all sorts; so that divinatory 

 games occupied a prominent place in the thoughts and exercised an important 

 influence on tlie daily life of these people. It was also found that in the Orient the 

 games were actually played with arrows and were still recognized as arrow games 

 hy the players themselves as late as the eleventh or twelfth centuries B.C., thus 

 giving historic evidence of the arrow origin of lot and dice games in the Orient, and 

 confirming', in Mr. Culin's estimation, Mr. Cushing's hypothesis as to the identical 

 origin of such games in America. These researches have also brought to light many 

 signiticant facts bearing on the usages, beliefs, and ethnic relations of early peoples, 

 and the material result of the investigation is an elaborate })aper on "Arrrow games 

 and their variants in America and the (Orient," under the joint authorship of Messrs. 

 Cushiug and Cnlin, now well advanced in preparation. Mr. Cushiug was greatly 

 aided in this work by Mr. Louis C. Moctezuma, an educated young Mexican, from 

 whom he obtained much information regarding the Indian games of his country. 



Mr. Cushiug has not allowed his researches relating to divinatory games com- 

 pletely to interrupt his more general studies relating to Zuni mythology, and during 

 the year has given special attention to the origin and primitive use of tire. Fire 

 myths are nearly universal and Are worship common among primitive peoples; and 

 it is the possession of fire making which perhaps more than any other characteristic 

 distinguishes mankind from the lower animals. The conquest of fire has not yet 

 been clearly traced, but Mr. Cushing's researches are contributing materially to 

 knowledge of the subject. 



The manuscript of Mr. Cushing's paper bearing the title "Outlines of Zuni 

 creation myths" was brought to completion and at the close of the year was par- 

 tially in type as one of the accompanying pai)ers of the Thirteenth Annual Report. 



Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson, although partially disabled by overwork and 

 exposure during her last field season among the Sia Indians of New Mexico, began 

 in July the revision of the proofs of her article on that tribe which covered pages 

 3-157 of the eleventh annual report. On the completion of the proof reading, early 

 in September, Mrs. Stevenson continued the preparation of a report on certain myths 

 and ceremonials of the Zuni tribe, among whom she has spent a number of seasons. 

 Notwithstanding her ill health she succeeded in completing the preparation of most 

 of the illustrative material of the monograph and well advanced the final revision 

 of the text. 



PSYCHOLOGY. 



The Director has found opportunity for continuing his investigations in primitive 

 modes of thought, carried on during previous years. The result of these studies 

 was imparted to the members of the Bureau in a series of informal lectures for the 

 purpose of establishing a firmer and more definite basis for their researches in Indian 

 mythology and sociology. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



The work on the bibliography of native American languages was continued by 

 Mr. James C. Pilling. As in previous years much time was consumed in procuring 

 new material for the mam catalogue, from which are prepared the bibliographies of 

 the various linguistic stocks. This work necessitates a careful review of all the 

 catalogue material relating to Americana generally — those of auction sales, of book- 

 sellers' catalogues, of the reviews, etc.,— and these furnish brief titles, which are 

 used as memoranda for further research. In this manner several hundred new 

 titles have been added to the main catalogue during the year. For his painstaking 

 and untiring patience in this tedious task Mr. Pilling is receiving high praise. The 



