29G DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARTOGRAPHY OF AMERICA. 



regarded as the eastern coasts of Asia, whose farther extension south- 

 ward is given entirely in accordance with Behaim-Toscauelli. Sonth 

 America has no connection with it. 



(2) Waklseeniiiller, 1509. The "Globnstypus," or globe type, with 

 the designation America. The New World does not belong to Asia, 

 but consists of two parts or divisions intersected by the ocean. The 

 Central American straits are a characteristic feature. This impression 

 is adopted by Boulenger, Schoner, the so-called Leonardo da Vinci, 

 and Nordenskjold's globe (Table 37), together with Apian, Gryniius, 

 and Honterus. 



(3) America constitutes an homologous body of land, lying at a con- 

 venient distance from Eastern Asia and Western Africa. Stobnecza, 

 1512; Waldsemiiller, 1513. 



(4) ISTcrth America, for a considerable extent of territory, is connected 

 with Asia. It is, in part, a tendency toward the first type. Accord- 

 ing to Ilarrisse (Discovery of Nortli America, \). 284), the idea is to be 

 referred to Peter Martyr's Enchiridion (De nuper sub D. Cardo repertis 

 insulis, simulque incolarum moribus. Basel, 1521). Perhaps Johanu 

 Schoner likewise has given credit to these views in his obsolete globe of 

 1523, as he has doubtless done in his Opusculum Geographicum (Niirn- 

 berg, 1533), in which he writes, "Unde longissimo tractu occidentem 

 versus ab Hispali terra est quu' Mexico etTemistitan vocatur, in super iori 

 India, quam priores vocavere Quinsay (thence for a considerable extent 

 toward the west from Hispali is a country which is called Mexico and 

 Temistitan, which in Upper India our predecessors named (Juinsay). 

 Apparently before Schoner's little treatise this idea had been promul- 

 gated by the Hollander Franciscus Monachus, 1526, upon the hemi- 

 sphere drawn by him. This opinion was disseminated by Oronce Fine, 

 and particularly in the Italian Ptolemiius editions (Venice, 1548, 1561, 

 1562), and for a long while it found approval in Germany also. 



(5) North America is not united to Asia, but is separated from it by 

 a continuous sea, which becomes narrower and narrower from the north 

 to the east, and is almost reduced to a strait. The western coast 

 extends in a semicircular contiguration toward the North Atlantic 

 Ocean. The marine route formerly traced in the middle of the New 

 World, is placed toward the north, and, in polar latitudes, is bounded 

 by Asia. This extends throughout the whole of America as far as 

 Greenland. 



(6) Type of Sebastian Mlinster, in which the intiuence of the chart 

 of Verrazzano and of Maggiolo in the north, especially through the 

 isthmus south of Newfoundland becomes apparent. South America 

 assumes an uncouth, fantastic form. 



(7) North America and northern Asia lie east and west, and not 

 north and south, relatively to each other as in (5), A marine strait, in 

 shape and location reminding us of Bering Straits separates the two 

 continents and is called Fretum Aniau. This view is tirst met with in 

 Zaltieri's chart of 1566. Mercator follows it in 1561) and Ortelius in 1570. 



