530 MIGRATION AND THE FOOD QUEST. 



10. Remains and Mstoric evuJcnee. — What relics of primitive occnpa- 

 tioii sliould our voyagers encounter that would remind tliem of Lome, 

 and wliat testimony liave we of sucli aboriginal peoples 1 Or, to pnt 

 the question in another form, if one of our distinguished archaeologists, 

 Morse or Putnam or Holmes, or an historian, such as Brinton, made the 

 journey with the Haidas, would he come across any shell heaps, aban- 

 doned dwelling sites or work places, or ancient documents entirely 

 inexplicable by the present inhabitants, but quite plain to one skilled 

 in the antiquities of onr own continent? 



11. Religion and folldore. — What is the testimony of comparative 

 mythology concerning the inhabitants of the spirit world and their con- 

 dnct as believed in throughont the several neritic areas mentioned? 

 In the cult of these regions what similarities exist in sacred places — 

 houses, images, and worships'? What folk customs seem to be akin? 



12. Modern witnesses. — Not only trained ethnologists, but naval offi- 

 cers, navigators, travelers, and missionaries are constantly testifying 

 and declaring their convictions of the commerce and blood relationship 

 between the two sides of the Pacific. Any one of these witnesses might 

 be entirely inadequate; but what weight is to be given to the cumula- 

 tive testimony? 



h\ brief, the conditions demanded for aboriginal connnunication are 

 the following: 



1. Abundant supply of food and clotliing all the way. 



2. Easy means of transportation and conveyance. 



3. Impelling oceanic currents and highways. 



4. Favoring winds and temperature. 



5. Encouragements rather than dfscour:igements, invitations and not 

 barriers. 



6. Eesemblances of ethnic kinships. 



7. Similarities in social structures and fnnctions dei)ending on 

 kinship, 



8. Homologous types in language. 



9. Similarities in arts otherwise inexplicable. 



10. The favorable witness of archaeology and history. 



11. The same traditions, folklore, mythology, and cults. 



12. The confirmatory tCvStimony of ethnographers, travelers, observ- 

 ers, etc. 



Let us examine them in order. 



A DEFINITE PROrOSITION. 



In order to test the foregoing questions tlie ibllowing coiurrete 

 hypothesis is advanced for examination: 



That daring the centuries in which Enrope was working out of her 

 earliest stone age into her renaissance, certainly for three thonsand years 

 or more, America was being steaddy and continnonsly pcoijled from 

 Asia by way of its eastern shores and seas from the Indian Ocean. Sub 



