534 MIGRATION AND THE FOOD QUEST. 



V. — ENCOURAGEMENTS AND DISCOURAGEMENTS. 



Morgan says that barbarians, ignorant of agricnlture and depending 

 upon fish and game for subsistence, spread over hirge areas with great 

 rapidity. Under the operations of purely physical causes they would 

 reach in their migrations the remotest boundaries of a continent in a 

 much shorter time than a civilized people, with all the appliances of 

 civilization.' 



The same is trne of the seas so long as they are unimpeded. Even 

 after the first occupancy new peoples constantly wedge themselves in, 

 as they have done in Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. 



Two things would modify the track of migration which we are dis- 

 cussing, to wit: 



1. The intrusion into the neritic areas along the Asiatic side of peo- 

 ples that were sedentary and who assumed ownership of them, turning 

 the highways into possessions and blocking further j)rogress of migra- 

 tion. This intrusion ended at the North with Eussia and the United 

 States, 1728-1894. The white race in 1198 first set its greedy eyes upon 

 the east, and Magellan died on the Philippines in 1521. 



2. The intrusion of foreign elements into the stream of northeast 

 movement. To continue the figure of the Haida voyagers, su^iposing 

 they had replaced, as they went from sea to sea, any who died, whether 

 men or women, with recruits from the shore. In a long voyage the 

 complexion of the crew on arriving at Victoria w^ould be greatly modi- 

 fied; also they may have left at the mouths of the Canton, Yangtze, 

 Yellow, and Amoor rivers one or more pairs of their passengers. All 

 of these things would have been i)erfectly natural to do. 



But supposing that instead of a single canoe load of fifty Indians 

 there were a stream of canoe loads flowing for thousands of years, 

 when the eastern part of Asia was like the west coast of America fifty 

 years ago; then colonies would be dropj)ed in every favorable place 

 and the peopling of eastern Asia would go on from the sea up the 

 rivers and not from the land down the rivers. These peoplings may 

 be described as waves, and we might speak of — 



1. The American Avave leaving the Japanese shell heaps. 



2. Eskimo, Aleut, Jenessai, Ostyak wave. 



3. Hyperborean Asiatic wave, peopling Siberia. 



4. Aino wave, quite as likely to have followed our route as any other 



5. Mongoloid waves from inland seaward, ending in j)ermanent indus- 

 trial settlements and the cessation of migrating. 



Imagine eastern-Asia at the beginning of our era, or a thousand years 

 before that, the abode of teeming populations of aborigines, living, 

 moving, trading along these landlocked highways abundantl}^ provided 

 with food. They were fishers and hunters. Contemporaneously, in the 



' Morgan iu Beach's ludiau Miscellany, Albany, p. 159. 



