456 VIOLA- STUDIEK. 



size and colouring of the petals, but the other organs all yield 

 characters more or less valuable for systematic purposes. Next in 

 importance to the petals are the stipules, the middle lobe of which 

 especially undergoes a considerable amount of variation. 



Dr. Wittrock separates V. tricolor from V. arvensis by the fol- 

 lowing characters : — 



V. tricolor L. ex parte. V. arvensis Murr. 



V. annua biennis vel peren- V. annua raro biennis ; flori- 



nis ; floribus submagnis varie bus parvis, plerumque albidis ; 



coloratis i-aro (adultis) albidis ; sepalis longioribus quam petalis 



sepalis brevioribus quam petalis; vel iis fere sequilongis ; horreolo 



horreolo poUinis clauso; granu- poUinis aperto ; granulis pollinis 



iis pollinis plerisque tetragonis, plerisque pentagonis, ceteris te- 



paucioribus trigonis nonnullis in- tragonis (nuUis trigonis) ; labello 



terdum etiam pentagonis ; labello stigmatis parvo ; orificio stigmatis 



stigmatis magno ; orificio stig- deorsum-subretrorsum vergente. 

 matis prorsum deorsum vergente. 



The characters, in some cases abridged, given for the subspecies 

 of F. tricolor are as follows : — 



genuina Wittr., nov. subspec. V. annua vel rarius biennis ; 

 caule suberecto vel adscendente, non subterraneo ; calcare appen- 

 dicibus sepalorum aequilongo-dimidio longiore ; horreolo pollinis 

 semper clauso. 



ammotropha Wittr., nov. subspec. V. perennans ; caulibus sub- 

 erectis vel adscendentibus, subtiliter hirtis; foliis ovatis (iufimis)- 

 lanceolatis (supremis); lacinia terminali stipulorum ovato-lanceolata 

 crenis paucissimis — lauceolata integra ; sepalis dimidio fere breviori- 

 bus quam petalis ; petalis supremis (adultis) roseis vel roseolis, 

 pauUum divergentibus ; pet. infimo roseolo vel albido; calcare appen- 

 dicibus sepalorum duplo fere longiore ; granulis pollinis plurimis 

 tetragonis, ceteris pentagonis ; collo pistilli macula obscura praedito. 



coniophila Wittr., nov. subspec. V. perennans; caulibus ad- 

 scendentibus, subtilissime hirtis vel subglabris ; foliis ovatis (infimis)- 

 lanceolatis (summis); lacinia terminali stipulorum lineari-lanceolata 

 integra; petalis supremis plerumque purpureo-violaceis, divergenti- 

 bus; petalo infimo (adulto) dilutius purpureo violaceo ; granulis 

 pollinis plurimis tetragonis, paucis trigonis, paucissimis pentagonis ; 

 collo pistilli macula obscura destituto. 



stenochila Wittr., nov. subspec. V. perennans ; caulibus ad- 

 scendentibus subtiliter hirtis ; foliis ovatis (infimis)-lanceolatis 

 (summis); lacinia terminali stipularum lineari-lanceolata; petalis 

 supremis (adultis) plerumque atro-violaceis paullum divergentibus; 

 petalo infimo dilutius violaceo angusto ; granulis polhnis plurimis 

 tetragonis, paucis trigonis, paucissimis pentagonis ; collo pistilli 

 macula obscura destituto. 



Viola tricolor L. genuina Wittr., forma typica, must be closely 

 related to V. Llogdii Jordan (a description of which will be found 

 in Lloyd's Fl. ile I'Ouest, ed. 4, 1886, 48) ; this plant, or a very 

 close ally, appears to grow in this country, M. Lloyd having kindly 



