MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF EUPHRASIA. 467 



from "loco classico," and the typical English plant well represents 

 these, specimens from Borrowdale especially so. The southern 

 continental form is usually more branched and of humbler growth; 

 the whole plant is of a lighter green colour, the teeth of the leaves 

 and bracts are narrower, and more acute and cuspidate. 



The English plant is variable, the variations being produced 

 probably by environment. The height is variable, also the amount 

 of branching, the length of the spike, the length of the internodes 

 of the spike, the size of the flowers, the size of the leaves and bracts, 

 the amount of pubescence, glandular and eglandular. I have a 

 specimen from the south of England which measures 40 cm. A 

 remarkable form from the sea-shore at Reay, Caithness, gathered 

 by Rev. E. F. Marshall, is about 6 cm in height, with stout stem 

 and branches, short dense spikes, broad leaves and bracts, and the 

 whole plant is rendered grey in appearance from the profuseness of 

 glandular and eglandular pubescence. Mr. Marshall says the form 

 is very plentiful. 



Several varieties have been named by continental botanists, 

 among which Prof. Wettstein gives — var. iditjinosaDncomm. growing 

 in boggy ground and attaining a height of as much as 50 cm when 

 surrounded by tall herbage; var. hixinscida Lasch., only slightly 

 glandular ; var. minuta Beck, a dwarf form with few leaves and fls., 

 occurring in alpine regions; var. ^jmr/uisLjungstrom (Herb.), leaves 

 large and broad, sparsely hairy, flowers few, occurring in damp and 

 shady places in rank herbage ; var. minoriflora Borbas (Geogr. 

 atque enum. pi. com. Castriff. 1887-8), corolla relatively small; 

 f. rubra Baum. (pro spec), corolla reddish violet ; var. affinis Freyn, 

 very hairy, capsule somewhat prolonged. Prof. Wettstein has 

 experimented upon vars. nlir/inosa, miniitd and minorijlora and 

 finds that they are induced by environment. The var. affinis may 

 be a hybrid with E. hirtella. On the borders of the area occupied 

 by E. PiOHtkoviana forms occur which are less hirsute and with 

 shorter glandular hairs, instances occur in the Balkan Peninsula, in 

 Poland, and on the S.W. border ; the form occurring in the latter or 

 S.W. border is constant, and is the E. campcstris of -Jordan, which 

 may also be a native of England (see species No. 12). E. liostkoviana is 

 easily distinguisbed from all other British species, with the exception 

 of three which I am about to name, by the presence of glandular 

 hairs; from £". campestris by the presence of much longer jointed 

 glandular hairs and by its larger leaves and bracts ; from E. brevipila 

 by its larger flowers with exsertcd corolla-tube, and by the long 

 jointed glandular hairs on stem, leaves, bracts andcalyx ; from E. ocei- 

 deniaUs by its larger flowers and exserted corolla-tube, usually much 

 taller growth, and also by its long and jointed glandular hairs, the 

 glandular hairs of 7'.\ occidcntalis being much fewer and very shortly 

 stalked. 



In this species, just before the expansion of the flower the style 

 is curved over the anthers, but as the flower opens the upper portion 

 of the style straightens and becomes porrect, projecting beyond the 

 upper lip. The tube of the corolla lengthens by growth during 

 flowering, carrying the stamens up along with it; the style, which 



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