78 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 



us with the branching appearance of a little tree. Let us part 

 off the outer branches, right and left : these branches are the 

 feeler-jaws, to be noticed presently. After the removal of 

 these, we find a long stalk or stem. At its base is a portion, 

 very distinct, of a triangular form, with the apex pointing 

 downwards. To the interior of this triangle the feeler-jaws are 

 very firmly attached, and are with difficulty removed without 

 carrying it with them. From the base of this triangle, which 

 you will recollect is looking upwards, rises the true lip, a long 

 slender piece with nearly parallel sides : near its summit a 

 distinct and tolerably direct line crosses it ; this line terminates 

 the true lip : above it is the feeler-bearer. From each side of 

 the feeler-bearer spring the feelers ; throughout this order 

 very elongate and conspicuous. From the summit of the 

 feeler-bearer rises the ligula™ trilobed ; each lobe is distinct 

 to the very base ; the lateral ones are called paraglossce, a 

 name that appears redundant, unless it could be carried 

 through all the orders of this and the two following classes. 

 In Nomada the lip is broad, the central lobe of the ligula 

 large and moderately long ; the lateral lobes small, and very 

 acute. The labial-feelers are distinctly quadriarticulate, and 

 longer than the central lobe of the ligula. In Saropoda the 

 lip is similar, the feelers indistinctly articulated ; and these, 

 together with the central lobe of the ligula, much more elon- 

 gate. In Bombus the central lobe of the ligula is much longer 

 than the feelers. In Melecta the lip is longer than the ligula. 

 In Ccelioxys rufescens ° the ligula, in its central lobe, is much 

 shorter than the feelers ; its lateral lobes are rudimental. In 

 Osmia the central lobe of the ligula is nearly three times the 

 length of the lip, and twice the length of the feelers ; still the 

 lateral lobes are very minute. In Anthidium momentum the 

 central lobe of the ligula and the feelers are exactly of a length ; 

 the lateral lobes of the ligula are thin, short, and scale-like. 

 In Andrena, Halictus, Dasypoda, Colletes, Hylceus, and 

 Spkecodes? the ligula is not a quarter of the length of the lip. 



11 Ligula. This is the part considered by many authors as the lower lip. — 

 Samouelle. 



° An insect common in the south of England, but one which I think has not 

 found its way into our British lists. 



p Sphecodes monilicornis excepted ; which will probably form a new genus, or 

 be removed from this. 



