MONOGRAPHIA CHALCIDITUM. 287 



palpi plerumque simplices, marl rarissime dilatati aut fissi : 

 antennae articulis 13, nonnunquam 12, rarissime 11, mart ple- 

 rumque filiformes corporis longitudine, fern, plerumque clavatae 

 corpore breviores, simplices, plus minusve pubescentes ; articuli 

 approximati, sublineares ; l us . longus ; 2 US . cyathiformis ; clava 

 triarticulata : thorax varius : mesothorax plerumque ejus fere 

 totum occupans : abdomen sessile, quasi subtilissime squameum, 

 supra planum, maris rotundum lineare aut spathuliforme, fern. 

 ovatum sublineare aut basi latum inde ad apicem gradatim acumi- 

 natum : oviductus cannula ventrali receptus, nonnumquam sub- 

 exertus et vaginis duabus lateralibus reconditus : pedes mediocres, 

 sub-aequales, pubescentes ; coxae parvae ; tibiae rectae, apice spinis 

 armatae, marl nonnunquam dilatatae ; tarsi graeiles, articuli 1°. ad 

 4 um . longitudine decrescentes ; 5 US . 4°. longior ; ungues et pulvilli 

 parvi : alse plerumque amplae, pubescentes, iridescentes ; pro- 

 alae nervo unico solito, cujus liumeralis ulnari longior, radialis sat 

 longa stigmate terminata ; metalse nervo unico simplici, costae 

 medium attingente. 

 Metamorphosin in Lepldopterorum, aut rarivis Muscidum et Tenthre- 

 dinidum, pupis subeunt ; nonnullae ad Cleonymum propinquse 

 Coleoptera lignivora (Anobium Hylurgum et Hylesinum) diruunt. 

 Mares ssepe colore laeto abdomineque flavo maculato gaudent ; 

 femince obscuriores, abdomine rarissime maculato. Characteres 

 quibus Chalciditum tarsis 5 articulatis familiae discrepant breviter 

 memorabo. Spalangiidum caput planum ; Eurytomidum corpus 

 gibbosum aut cylindricum ; Chalcididum et Leucopsidum meta- 

 femora incrassata ; Torymidum et Perilampidum nervus cubitalis 

 brevissimus ; Miscogasteridum abdomen petiolatum ; Ormoceridum 

 antennae moniliformes ; Pteromalidum abdomen sessile et planum ; 

 Cleonymidum thoracis structura propria ; Ewpelmidum et Encyr- 

 tidum mesotarsi dilatati ; Aphelinidum antennae articulis paucis. 



The genus Pteromalus was named and characterized by 

 Swederus in the Stockholm Transactions, where fifteen species 

 are described, which, with the exception of two or three, have 

 been since removed to other genera. His first species, P. 

 puparum, is very abundant, and has been often described by 

 entomologists : from one to two hundred specimens of it are 

 found in a single chrysalis of the common white or tortoiseshell 

 butterfly (Pontia Brassiccs and Vanessa Urticce). It is often 

 difficult to identify the species of this family, for the males and 

 females generally differ entirely in form and colour, and, like 

 the Ichneumonites, the latter are either the most numerous 



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