314 BARON WALCKENAER ON THE 



We learn from Pliny and Columella that the Volucra or 

 Volmx was a different insect from the one which they named 

 Con'cohulus. 



The difference between two insects which are both injurious 

 to the vine must have been considerable, or it would not have 

 been noticed by the ancients, whose knowledge of these animals 

 was extremely limited. 



We shall presently show that the Convohulus was a Lepi- 

 dopterous insect, or a butterfly : the Volucra or Vohox belongs 

 to a different class. But we see that it is only the larvae or 

 perfect insects of the class Coleoptera, and caterpillars or the 

 larvae oi Lepidoptera, which are very injurious to the vine. The 

 Volucra or Vohox, therefore, belongs to the class Coleoptera. 



Further, we know from the information Pliny and Columella 

 have afforded us on this subject, that the Volucra or Vohox eat 

 at the same time the young shoots of the vine and the grapes. 

 Pliny says, " Vohocem animal prwrodens pubescentes uvas;" and 

 Columella observes, *' Genus animalis Volucra pi'wrodit teneras 

 adhiic pampinas et uvas." These expressions exactly and only 

 apply to the EumolpJms of the vine, the Ips of the Greeks, and 

 not at all to the Cantharides of the Geoponicks, or to Rhynchites 

 Bacchus, or Betuleti, which injures the vine, by rolling up the 

 leaves and causing them to wither, but does not attack the fruit. 

 Nor does it apply, as we shall hereafter see, to any of the va- 

 rious caterpillars or larvae of Lepidoptera which feed on the 

 vine. 



We have now shown that the Ips or Iks of the Greeks is the 

 same as the Volucra or Vohox of Roman authors, the Ewnolpus 

 of the vine {Eumolpus Vitis). 



8. Invohulus. — Coiitohulus. — Pt/ralis Danticana. — Ver-coquin 

 — Procris Vitis, or Procris Ampelop/ia(^a. — Teigne de la 

 Vigm. — Teigne du Raisin. — Tortrix Hyperana. — Cochylis 

 Roserana. 



We learn from the recipes given by Pliny and Cato to prevent 

 the increase of the Convohulus, that it was an insect highly 

 injurious to the vine; but as these writers give no description 

 of the insect, and only afford us information on one particular 

 respecting it, viz., that it was a different kind from Volucra or 

 Vohox, we have no means of knowing whether this word was 



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