Vol. xix.j ]|^, I y/,,. Tiisniaiuaii and Xcw Zealand Ci'unps. 281 



UJ20 J 



PhufJiiiiiiu (Xcw Zealand ila\ ov hemp) for honey just as our Bhic 

 Mountain {Trichoglossiis) docs among eucalypts. Carpophaga 

 novce-zealandia', the only Pigeon in New Zealand, belongs to the 

 family in wliicli we find the Topknot Pigeon {Lopholaimus) — a 

 l)ird that occasionally errs in getting as far south as Tasmania. 



New Zealand has the whole of the order Apteryges (Map A, 1-4), 

 in which we find five species of Kiwis. The egg of this bird is a 

 quarter of its weight, similarly as with the Wilson Storm-Petrel 

 {Oceanites oceanicus) we occasionally see in the Derwent estuary. 

 The Apteryx comes under the same sub-class as our Emu. Of 

 Rails, the Flightless Cabalus and Ncsolimnan have hidden tails. 

 Notornis is a giant form of the Tasmanian Porphyrio (Black-backed 

 Water-Hen). 



Of Penguins, the Tasmanian waters have two species of two 

 genera ; New Zealand has nine species of five genera, including 

 the Tasmanian genera. The largest is the King Penguin 

 {Aptenodytes), the smallest being Eiidyptiila minoy (Little 

 Penguin), common t(^ both groups. Tlie Tufted Penguin 

 {C atarrhades chrysocome) is also common to each, though rare in 

 Tasmania. The King Penguin is a visitor to Tasmania ; it, with 

 the Adele Penguin, is circumpolar. Penguins are the most 

 graceful of birds in water, quiet or stormy, in which they entirely 

 live during the non-incubating season. When in the rookery it 

 is the prettiest sight to see their peaceful evolutions among the 

 red weeds of clean pools, assisted as they are by the flattened 

 paddle radius. The wing is quite without normally-developed 

 quills. 



Palceodyptcs, a fossil form in New Zealand, is appro.xiniately 

 7 feet in height. 



Penguins spread between New Zealand and South America in 

 Miocene times of warmer water and close island connections with 

 Antarctica. They are earlier in New Zealand than in Patagonia. 



Another cosmopolitan family, the Anatidcc (Ducks, Geese, &c.), 

 in Tasmania has a Swan, a Goose {Cereopsis), and nine Ducks. 

 New Zealand has eleven Ducks, but no Swan or Goose, though it 

 has a giant fossil Goose {Cnemiornis) and an extinct Swan* 

 [Chcnopis sinnncrcnsis), which was larger than our C. atrata. 

 Of these eleven species four are found also in Tasmania — (i) Anas 

 siiperciliosa (Black Duck), (2) Nettion castanemn (Teal), (3) Spatula 

 rhynchotis (Shoveller), (4) Nyroca australis (White-eyed Duck). The 

 Austrahan Region (with New Zealand and Tasmania) has thirty 

 species. The northern hemisphere is stronger, having seven of 

 the ten Swans and twenty-six of the thirty-one sea Ducks. 



Polynesia is very poor, and India has only twelve. Siberia is 

 strong in species, the northern region having eighty species. 

 Thus we may gather the family is a cool-water one. 



* E)nii, viii., part i, p. y (1908). 



