10 



INHERITANCE, FERTILITY, AND SEX IN PIGEONS. 



Some breeding behavior which is quite as instructive as that secured from crosses 

 has been obtained from the simple breeding (i.e., without crossing), and from the 

 inbreeding, of individuals of the same species or race. This is true for both wild 

 species and domestic breeds or races of pigeons. Among the latter are the pouters, 

 homers, and barbs. The zenaidas, ground-doves. Oriental or Japanese turtles, 

 and guinea-pigeons are the wild species of most importance in this respect. 



In this type of mating some of the effects of age and season on germs and 

 offspring are displayed free from the complications added by hybridization, while, 

 on the other hand, the results thus obtained prove most helpful in the iniderstanding 

 of similar phenomena obtained in the crosses. — (Editor.) 



The following primary crosses (not including crosses of varieties of domestic 

 pigeons) have been made: 



List of n-ossfs. 



Description. 



Relation- 



Male. Female. 



C. admista X T. orientalis 



C. tabellaria X T. orientalis 



C. afiBnis domes. X T. orientalis. 

 Orientalis-ris. X C. tabellaria. . . . 

 C. gyrans 

 Ect. migr: 



. f alba-ria X ris-alba . 

 ■ \ St. alba 



I St. risoria 



I risoria X alba * . . . . 



Vinac.-carolin. 

 Complex carol- 

 T. orientalis X 



iX 



I alba-ris X ris-alba * 



[ Za. \'inaceo-rufa * 



, /St. alba* 



\St. risoria * 



finac. hyb. X ris-alba X ris-alba '* 



f T. turtur* 



•i St. alba* 



Orientalis-alba X St. risoria 



Orient.-ris-tur-alba X alba-orient. . . 



Orientalis-risoria X ri.s-tur-alba 



Orientalis-risoria X alba 



T. turtur X T. orientalis * 



Turtur-orientalis X hum. X hum-ris. 



Tur-orient-hum-ris X St. alba 



Tur-orientx hum-ris X St. risoria. . 



Alba-ris X ris-alba X T. turtur 



Alba-ris X ris-alba X Sp. suratensis. 



Risoria-humilis X alba 



f T. orientalis* 



Sp. chinensis 



St. risoria X 



St. alba. 

 I St. douraca. . 

 I St. humilis. . . 

 [ alba-orientali; 



Alba-: 



ris-alba X C. tabellaria (?). 



St. albaX j St. humilis 



i T. orientalis* 



Humilis-risoria X St. alba 



Alba-risoria X C. tabellaria *(?) . 



St. douraca X St. risoria 



Risoria-alba X St. douraca 



Ris-alba-surat. X St. humilis 



Turtur-orientalis < X alba-risoria 



C. domestica X St. risoria 



Sp. chinensis X Sp. suratensis. . . 

 Sp. suratensis ' X St. risoria * . . 



Fam. 



Fam. 



Fam. 



Fam. 



Fam. 



Fam. 



Fam. 

 Sub-fam. 

 .Sub-fam. 



Sub-fam. 



Gen. 

 Sub. fam. 

 Sub-fam. 

 Sub-fam. 



Gen. 

 Gen. 



Sp.- 



Fam. 

 Sp.- 



Sp. 

 Gen. 



Sp. 

 Fam. 



Sp. 



Gen. 



Fam. 



Sp. 



Gen.- 



Sd" 



od',19 ... 



2c?, (19?) = 



Id' 



llcf 



8d" 



2d' 



led- 



2d' 



2d', 49 .... 

 1 d' or d' 9 

 .3d' + l?d'.. 



7d',49 



37d',37 9 



4d',69 



19 



2 hermaphrodites, 

 predom. 9 



2d', 19 



7d'.49 



7d', 14 9 



2d', 3?, 1? her- 

 maphrodite. 



Id' 



7d', 19 



3d', 39 



Id' 



fd'.f)9 



2d', 69 



8d',59 



4d',39 



1 acts as d' ; 3 w. 

 no plain gonad. 



ld'.l?9 



7d'.79 



ISd', 189 



60d', 43 9 



4d',3 9 



-d',2?9 



2d', 39 



26^,49 



Id' 



19 



Id', 19. 

 Id', 19 



Infertile. 



No test for fertility. 



Id' fertile w. dom. 



1 no gonad; 1 indif. behav. 

 Not long lived. 



All interm.; infertile. 

 Shade paler; infertile. 



2 no gonad ; infertile. 



1 hatched; short lived, many 



eggs. 

 6 others hat. ; 3 wk. to 30 mo. 

 Fertile. 



-\-2 adults w. no gonad. 

 Gonads minute in adult 

 1 adult w. no gonad. 

 <? fertile. 

 Partial fertilitj-. 

 Partial fertility. 

 Infertile. 



d' fertile, 

 d' fertile. 

 Fertile, 

 d' fertile. 



?; not tested. 



1 adult w. no gonad. 



Fertile. 



Fertile with alba. 



1 full-term embryo. 



Partial fertility. 



No young raised. 



Fertile. 



(-1-1? 9) fertile. 



(? = 7d'.4 9) fertile. 



Lived few da. to 4 yr. 



Fertile. 



Fertile. 



Partial fertililj-. 



Not tested. 



(4?) short-lived. 



Fertile. 



Fertile. 



? not tested. 



3 alive. 



2 yg. short-lived. 



Short-lived. 



(+!"!&, +2? 9) fertile. 



1 Professor Whitman listed 8 here in a summary (A 1/7) ; the editor has the original data for only 6. 

 ' Ovary very rudimentary. 



'The records (XS 4) show 8 males; "one acted as a female, but was killed by Dr. Guyer and found to be a male." 

 These records also show 2 males from the migr. X alba cross. — Editor. 



* These (two) additional crosses were obtained (1911 and 1915) by the editor with the birds of the Whitman collection. 



* The crosses marked with an asterisk (*) have been added from the records, by the editor, to an early summary (A 1/7) 

 made by Professor Whitman. 



