MUTATION, FERTILITY, AND LONGEVITY IN INBRED JAPANESE TURTLE-DOVES. 49 



5. T. orienlalis; 8/13/04; 10/1/14; 10+ yr. 



This bird has a loiif; and important history of matings with St. alba. This is given in tables 37 to 41. He 

 has 1.1 111 ti'strd witli fivi dilTnciit females. With the first four he was fully fertile and the offspring were long- 

 li\i (1. \\ iih th' lilili » li' ri ihr male was 10 years old and the female previously overworked — two clutches 

 , I ,M_,^.>i only \i. Ti lu.idn. I .1 in 4 months; one egg was entirely infertile; a second produced a weak crippled 

 (lisrlil I'L' siiaiL'lii and hnrizMiiial) young that lived for 2 months and showed on autopsy no gonad whatsoever! 

 3, r. orientaii^: A .'s ir.: :. I i:i;Syr. 



bird with a sister (No. GO) in 1907 is given in table 22. These birds were then infertile, 

 lusive, is not known. Dliring 1911 this male kept with a female alba X orientalis hybrid 

 ■ontinued 1912 until Sept. 3 without result. When offered T. orientalis No. 88 she was 

 ew fertile eggs produced, as indicated in detail elsewhere (table 26.\). 

 '/07;l+yr. 



ith the iiKiially infertile, or little fertile, risoriaX orienlalis hyb. (2). The pair proved 

 ((able 51). 

 cT 69. T. orienlalis; 7/17/00; alive 9,'1/14; s+ yr. 



During 1909 and 1910 this male mated with his mother and produced whitened "mutant" offspring as 

 shown in table 19. Until October 17, 1911, this bird was with a female St. alba, with which it probably mated 

 and produced a few eggs, the fertility of which is not known. After the above date put with a female orientalis 

 X alba hybrid (27); no eggs during the autumn. These birds produced during 1912, 64 eggs; 39 of these were 

 tested for fertility and all proved absolutely infertile; these hybrids and their reciprocals are usually quite 

 infertile. Before May 16, 1913, 23 eggs were produced; none tested for fertility. From May 16 to September 

 30 No. 69 was with female T. orientalis No. 433 (hardly sufficient feathers to fly) without mating. From 

 September 30, 1913, to 1914 this male was with a female T. orientalis (429), whose record is given in table 30. 

 These two related birds gave poor results. 

 d' 70. T. orientalis; 3/17/07; stolen 8/12/12; 5+ yr. 



In 1909 this bird was fully fertile (3 egg.?) with an mimfnlix (Z^) of uncertain ancestry; in 1910, when mated 

 to his immature niece (88), he was probably fiill,\- f. rtil.- itaMr -Mi), but the young were short-lived. During 



1911 this more mature mating was fully fi-itil,- u'li ,\.,iini:i. and the offspring lived longer (table 27) than did 

 those from the previous matings. It is upon tliis fanii[.\- (..1 I'.ll 1 ) that chapter 6 is based. From about March 



1912 this male was without opportunity to mate until June 12; then with female St. alba (459) without mating; 

 stolen August 12, 1912. 



Condensed Fertility Record of Inbred Offsprino op Female T. Orient.ilis No. 2, When Old and 

 Mated to a Son, No. 69. 



9 99. T. orientalis; 6/4/10; alive 10/1/14; 4+ yr. 



Mated with her brother (105), this female produced 2 eggs about May 20, 1911. July 2, 1911. she was 

 given a female albaX orientalis hyb. (27), with whom a mating possibly occurred; but No. 99 probably laid 

 no eggs. On September 17 she was put in a cage with 2 unmated birds — male St. alba (226) and female T. 

 orienlalis (2); no result. On April 24, 1912, put with a male S(. alba (462) and was then fully fertile, as is 

 shown in table 23; later she largely lost fertility, as shown in table 24. Kept October 24, 1914. to March 20, 

 1915, with a brother (No. 105) without results. 



c? 105. T. orientalis; 7/25/10; alive 10/1/14; 4+ yr. 



In 1911 this male till July 2 with his sister (99). A clutch was produced by the pair; these crushed, probably 

 fertile. After July 2 with female alba X orientalis hyb. (27) ; failed to mate. May 30 to September 3, 1912, 

 with a St. alba (died October 9, 1912) without result. September 3 to October 1 1 with female St. alba (492) (dead 

 December 9, 1912) without result; after October 11, 1912, with male T. orientalis (446). During 1913 (after 

 April 30) and 1914 mated with female St. alba (817); this pair in 1913 produced infertile eggs (female was 

 rather young) ; in 1914, many infertile and some fully fertile eggs, as shown in table 25. Kept October 24, 1914, 

 to March 20, 1915, with sister (99) without result. 



d' lOS. T. orientalis ("mutant"); 9/7/10; 3/18/13; 2 yr. 6 mo. 



This male put May 23, 1911 with a one year old male T. orienlalis (101). The se.\ of neither was known; 

 they remained together without mating behavior; but the "mutant" was twice recorded as "in the nest." 

 From August 3 to October 13 male St. alba (26) was given. On March 22, 1012; this mal.- was (;iveii female 

 T. orientalis 433, which had laid one or two clutches of eggs; a mating wa.s cITr.i.d ai nm .-. Tlir interesting 

 result of this mating is given in table 20. These birds were kept together duriii': tia' « int. i nl l^ilL' 1.! without 

 eggs; though the failure was probably the fault of the female, which was insufrniinll.\ |.n.\ i.l.-d with feathers, 

 particularly flight feathers. The male, always a very quiet bird, was thought, till found dead, to be healthy 

 (though too light = 218 g. instead of 240 to 250 on February IS, 1913). The autopsy failed to reveal the cause 

 of death; the testes were remarkably small. 



9 109. T. orientalis; 9/9/10; 9/3/12; 2 yr. 



On July 2, 1911 a female alba X orientalis hyb. (10) was given; this latter female laid a clutch of eggs, and 

 developed (in ovary) another clutch before removal on August 4, but 9 109 laid no eggs and showed no signs 

 of mating. On August 4 a male St. alba (228) was given with no result. From early 1912 to June 2 with male 

 St. alba (459) with no result. From June 2 till dead on September 3 with a female .S(. alba (492). The latter 

 bird (dead December 9, 1912) laid 10 eggs during this time — all, of course, infertile; 9 109 laid none. It was 

 not thought, till autopsy, that this bird was a female. In view of the above record of two different females 

 having laid eggs when confined with this bird, it seems not improbable that an actual mating occurred in each 

 instance; but this weak female was perhaps "unable to produce eggs" under thi.s degree or kind of stimulus; 

 perhaps this history raises a question as to her power to produce eggs at all. 



