CROSSES OF JAPANESE TURTLE-DOVES WITH BLOND AND WHITE RING-DOVES. 75 



relation of late season to infertility (tables 57, 59, 60) ; (2) the wide range of fer- 

 tility of a male orientalis x risoria hybrid {OS 8) ; (3) the association of a plain 

 gray color and "weak germs" in the further breeding of one of the offspring of this 

 male (table 57) ; (4) the formation of a hybrid composed of 5 species'^ from 2 genera 

 (pair 25); and (5) the high frequency of abnormally sexed individuals or of her- 

 maphrodites which result from these crosses (pairs 19, 21, 24, 27, 28). In table 62 

 it will be noted that when a male composed of 4 species was mated to a hybrid 

 female the 2 resulting offspring were both hermaphrodites. 



Further discussion of these records will not here be attempted, except for one or 

 two points which deal with offspring and descendants of the male orientalis x 

 risoria hybrid {OS 8) mentioned above. The data for the origin or pedigree of 

 the several kinds of young of this bird are found in the tables (54) under pairs 14 

 to 18. Two of these young (0;S' 8 x alba) were mated together (brother and sister) 

 and produced (table 55) a single bird which at a little more than 3 years of age 

 was abnormally sexed or unsexed. There was no left gonad, and a tubercular 

 growth was present in the region of the right gonad. In pair 20 (table 56) a 

 son of male OS 8 and of a female risoria-turtur-alba seems fully fertile with a female 

 alba, but the offspring are not long-lived. 



In pair 21, a brother to the male of pair 20 just described was mated with a 

 pure blond-ring female. Here, as with the brother mated to alba, there is at first 

 apparently full fertility with the production of young of short life-term. But, 

 with "crowded reproduction" in this cross, there also appears in the late autumn 

 complete infertility, and bordering this period, both before and after, the production 

 of a plain gray coloration not met with in the season of full fertility and strong germs. 

 The two aberrantly colored forms were both short-lived and one at least was 

 inadequately sexed, showed a symmetrical deformity of the fourth toe, and had 11 

 instead of 12 tail feathers. One of the sons from this mating was similarly mated 

 to a pure risoria, and reproduced the longevity and fertility features of the cross 

 just described, as may be seen in table 59. 



A brother and sister {d'OS^DS — Dx 9 0S — DS—E) of this last-named male 

 proved fertile in both eggs of a single clutch (1909). The first gave rise to a female 

 with the lighter color of the dam and lived nearly 6 months; the second young of 

 unknown sex had the color of the sire, and lived probably more than 18 months 

 (disappeared). A sister {OS—D 3 — B) proved fertile in 1 of 6 tests (first egg of 

 third clutch) with a male orient. -tur. -alba hybrid {OS—D — C). Still another 

 brother {OS~D 8 — H) proved fertile (second egg of first clutch) with a female 

 Streptopelia capicola. This pentahybrid hved probably half a year. Its composition 

 was ^\ orient. -i^tur.-^ ris.—s\ alba-\^ capicola.^^ 



" Another pentahybrid of different composition is described in the concluding paragraph of this chapter. 



" "Here the two species of turtle-doves, T. orientalis and T. luriur = ca. A 



The two ring-doves, St. risoria and St. alba = ca. A 



The Cape ring-dove = ca A 



The three species of rings, total ca. A 



"The turtle-doves will be practically swamped and the result would be not much more than a simple cross between 

 St. risoria and St. capicola. That is about what the immature pentahybrid appears to be. Possibly if it matures 

 it may give some hints of other ancestry in its voice, color of eye, etc." (F 11) 



