THE DIVISIBILITY OF CHARACTERS. 



221 



neck-mark of the adult may there be noted. The common x Japanese hybrid has 

 the color-marks of the mother, but so washed out that one can hardly perceive that 

 there is a distinct mark; still it is there, as may be seen by reference to pi. 35. 

 The edges of the feathers are somewhat lighter than the basal portions; this, too, is 

 in the direction of orientalis. On the neck one finds also an intermediate differen- 

 tiation of the feathers toward the turtle-dove pattern in the number of the rows; 

 and fina]l3% the feathers of this region are found to have dark basal port ons with 

 slightly iridescent tips. These several characters, therefore, are easily divided in 

 the first cross. 



When we cross the female turtle-dove with the rhig-dove {Si. risoria) we get 



soria {\) 

 IS shown 

 Natural 



Text-figure 11. 

 of adult male St. alba {i)-r, 

 ' Ji\liii(l (J 1). Same bird 

 7 I,.' A. Age 11 months. 

 h Apr. 1902. 

 ■ '</ < risoria-alba (D 2). 

 .,/„, >T I-Bl). 



shows the position, proportions, and 

 latuii' (if the neck-mark. Detailed de- 

 en in connection with this maik drawn 



1. Neck-marl- 



- r. h:r:.. 



in colni. .! 



size. II 



Sire: -n ■ 



Dam: T. ' 



The ii^uir 

 intermediate 

 scription is gi 

 flat, figure 2. 



2. Neck-mark of same bird as figure 1 and color pi. 37, 

 fig. a; age 13.5 months. Natural size. Hayashi 

 del July 1902 



The mark comprises 5 rows of featlieis 



First row (lo-s\ei) shows but little of the flail color, 



which IS iiHisth (II whdlh (oncr drd when the head 



and ne(k ik in tli( usii il posifion 



becond urn h .ws ') II ,,1 ,ii ii_hl s <m kit 

 Thud K.u (((iiti ill s|i,,«s 7 liluk on eafh side 

 Fouith low shows 7 bhck on eifh side, the two 



middle (dorsal) feathers aie usually covered, but are 



here exposed 



Fifth low (ui)iKi I shows no black, m color these u< 



midw n li(t\\((ii till spot-feathers and the gtn( i il 



neck-f( iIIki iIk color is merely whiteind 



little, 11(1 1 1 1( I \ I ilili md the differentiation is ikiI 



strong as in tin utlici lows 



There are here two btparate marks, neailj conttiRiit 



in the third and fouith lows 



.,>" 



two different colors. One is a little darker than the other, and this is the main 

 difference between them. All of the light ones turn out to be females, and most, 

 at least, of the dark ones are males. In pi. 12 one of these males is shown; it is 

 plainly intermediate in size, color, and neck-mark. The neck-mark is shown in 

 flat and side views in text-fig. 9. PI. 13 displays these characteristics, leaning 

 somewhat toward orientalis, in a male hybrid of the reciprocal cross. The cross 

 between the Japanese turtle and the blond ring-dove leads to a reduction in the 

 extent of the neck-spots in the hybrid as compared with the Japanese species. 

 There is also less white at the tips of the feathers. The spots extend a little farther 

 back on the neck than in orientalis; they very nearly meet in some cases. All these 

 characters, therefore, undergo division in a first cross. 



When the Japanese turtle-dove is crossed with the white ring-dove the chief 



