THE TURTLE-DOVE PATTERN IN THE PHYLOGENY OF PIGEONS. 



85 



low chucking sound and the quality of the voice, as well as the color of the eyes, 

 the movement of the head, the physiognomy, the manner of huddling together, 

 especially at night, when they frequently sit two tiers deep, and often even three 

 deep — all these things remind of the Florida ground-dove. 



They are quite like the chamsepelias also in their quickness of movement and 

 in their shyness. They work hard for the inside berth on the perch. They are 



Table 3. — The subfamily Geopelince (family Peristeridce, order Columbce) according to Salvadori. 



Subfamily and genera. 



Species. 



Plumage distinctions, Salvadori (in part) and 

 the author (in part). 



GEOPELIIISLE. 



Geopelia. 



Burma to Australia. Tail, 14 

 feathers; first primary atten- 

 tuated. 



maugei, 16 Timor group . . 



striata, Indo-Malay Archi- 

 pelago, and Philippines. 



tranquilla, Australia. 



h umeralis, Australia and New 

 Guinea. 



cuneata, Australia. 



SCARDAFELLA. 



Southern United States, Mexico 

 and Central America to Brazil. 

 Tail, 12 leathers; first primary 

 not attentuated. 



Gymnopelia 



Mountains of western South 

 America. Tail, 12 feathers; 

 first primary slightly scooped. 

 Perioptic area broadly naked. 



inca, Mexico south to Nica- 

 ragua. 



squamosa, Brazil, Venezuela, 

 and Colombia. 



erythrothorax , Peru, Bolivia, 

 Chile. 



Feathers of upper parts tipped with black cres- 

 centic bars; neck, breast, /tanks, and abdomen 

 with black and white bars; no vinous under- 

 neath. Length, 8.5 in. 



Same, black crescenlic tips. Sides of neck and 

 breast barred with black and white. Middle 

 of neck in front, and of breast, pale vinous. 

 Abdomen buffy white. Neck-bars are more 

 numerous than in tranquilla. Length, 8.5 in. 



Same, black crescenlic tips. Only the neck is 

 barred all round with black andwhite. Breast 

 and flanks pale vinous, abdomen white. 

 Length, 7.5 to 8 in. 



Same, black crescentic tips. Nape rufous, clear- 

 est on sides, tipped with black crescentic 

 tips. Breast and front neck gray — barred 

 in first plumage only. Length, 11 in. 



No black crescentic tips; upper parts gray. 

 Subterminal crescentic dark bars in first 

 feathers. Head, neck, and breast gray, abdo- 

 men white. Scapulars and coverts each with 

 twowhite spots encircled with black. Length, 

 7.5 to 8 in. 



Same, black crescentic bars all over. Juvenal 

 feathers tipped with narrow obscure pale 

 buff — rudimentary. Breast with pale black 

 bars, tinged with vinous. Abdomen and 

 flanks buff, each feather tipped with black. 

 Length, 8 in. 



Same, black crescentic bars everywhere except 

 under tail-coverts, which are white. Lower 

 neck and breast pinkish — each feather black- 

 tipped. Abdomen u'hite. Upper wing- 

 coverts white towards black tips. Length, 

 8 in. 



Upper parts brown with tips of feathers wh itish . 

 Head, neck, and upper breast vinous. Lower 

 breast and abdomen whitish buff. Perioptic 

 space surrounded by line of black feathers. 

 Length, 7.5 in. 



3s Temminck and Knip (p. 115, Vol. I, pi. Lii) show this species with bars over the whole under surface. 

 it has twelve tail feathers. 



Temminek says 



Remarks: I have not yet (Jan. 25, 1903) seen maugei, squamosa, or erythrothorax. The last of these is of much interest. 

 Squamosa is close to inca. Inca is apparently the simplest type, perhaps the parent form of all the others. All species, so 

 far as I have seen, have the long black spots or streaks in the juvenal feathers. Scardafella stands lowest (young have the 

 black streaks), then the others follow in this order: maugei, striata, tranquilla, humeralis. Cuneata has made widest departure, 

 losing the crescentic bars. Humeralis stands highest of the barred species. 



In this table the arrangement of species is that of the author; the genera stand as arranged by Salvadori. The decisions 

 of the author would place the genera in the following order: Scardafella, Geopelia, Stictopelia (cuneata), Gymnopelia. — Ed. 



