94 ORTHOGENETIC EVOLUTION IN PIGEONS. 



These pale edges run entirely across the neck and upper breast, and become 

 pale fulvous tinged with vinous at the sides at the bend of the wing. The black 

 bands within the pale edge-bands become quite pale on the breast, and disappear 

 in the middle line. The juvenal humeralis thus stands near the level of the adult 

 striata. On the lower breast and abdomen the bands disappear, the feathers becom- 

 ing pale or whitish. A very faint tinge of vinous can be recognized on the lower 

 breast. In the specimen figured (pi. 40, fig. A) two feathers on the breast have no 

 bands — are pale grayish throughout. Another specimen shows alternating bands 

 at or near the bend of the wing. 



Explanation of Plate 40. 



A. Adult male Geopelia humeralis. x 0.7. Hayashi del., Oct. 1902. 

 This and figure C illustrate the biogenetic law. 



Middle ot neck in front and upper breast are gray, slightly dirker in female. This gray is fairly uniform, but 

 some of the lateral feathers show more or less of a dark edge corresponding to the black edge seen on the upper feathers. 



Lower breast pale vinous, stronger on sides, becoming white on abdomen and under tail-coverts. Some of these 

 tail-coverts may have the vinous red. 



Lateral feathers of breast that cover the front edge of wing quite bright fulvous; like the fulvous of the neck. 



B. From near front edge of neck in "ring" region (left side). 



C. Juvenal Geopelia humeralis, age 28 days, x 0.7. Hayashi del., Nov. 1902. 



This specimen shows light edges on sides of neck. Another specimen about same age shows black edges (appear- 

 ance as if light edges were worn off ?), and the black is followed within by a fulvous band which is more or less irregular 

 in width and outline; this is followed within bv a second dark band, and then a second paler and more irregular fulvous 

 band. The increase in number of bands is most noticeable on the sides of neck in region corresponding to the "ring" 

 in the ring-dove. 



Lateral feathers of breast at or near bend of wing show also two or more pale bars alternating with dark bars. 



D. From side of neck (of above bird) near bend of wing, x 2. 



Shows irregular second light band. 



E. From middle of breast, x 2. 



Shows a paler second light band than does the neck-feather. 



Explanation of Plate 41. 



A. Wing of juvenal Geopelia humeralis, age 11 days, x 1.5. Hayashi del., Aug. 1899. 



Earlier feathers now present; elbow is still uncovered, and a long pin-feather lies just above it, while a second 

 lies somewhat below it. 



On the lower front edge of wing are 4 pin-feathers, the newest in the wing. 



Scapulars 24 in number; the posterior is a later feather and has less margin and a darker bar. 



Three of the tertials have a long dark streak, the homologue of the chequer; the upper tertial is covered, being 

 yet too short to be seen. 



A few of the upper feathers — tertials and longer coverts and scapulars — show an indistinct duplication of the 

 yellow margin (transverse barring). 



B. Wing of juvenal G. humeralis, age 18 days. Natural size. Hayashi del., Aug. 1899. 



Compare this stage in other geopelias. 



Three upper feathers of the fourth row are in sight, the lower ones are covered. 



C. Four inner tertials of G. humeralis. Natural size. Hayashi del., July 1907. 



We have here well-marked marginal streaks on the lower edge; also subterminal dark bars followed by faint traces 

 of alternating light and dark cross-bars. Compare with tertials of mourning-doves (figs. D and E). 



D. Three inner tertials of Zenaidura earolinensis (PP 1). Natural size. Hayashi del., July 1907. 

 These feathers are double-spotted, the lower margin much the stronger. This young was reared by ring-doves. 



E. Three inner tertials of Z. earolinensis (PP2). Natural size. Hayashi del., July 1907. 



This bird raised by foster-parents (Zrnaida hybrids) which fed it badly. Grown under adverse conditions, the 

 tertial spots are mere marginal remnants. 



The feathers which grew in the place of these plucked tertials had spots strong and double, like those of its mate 

 (fig. D). 



