100 ORTHOGENETIC EVOLUTION IN PIGEONS. 



was included the statement of Mr. Oberholser. Speaking of the young, 19 days 

 old, Mr. Butler says: 



"Colouring of upper parts largely bronze-brown, but the feathers barred with buff and 

 black; flights reddish-chestnut; tail feathers vinous brown, the outermost feathers white. 

 Forehead and broad eye-brow streak buff; the feathers at sides of crown standing in curved 

 rows so as to produce a sort of divided crest, buff -brownish ; ear-coverts and cheeks leaden 

 gray; the former apparently narrowly barred white and buff, but this appearance is probably 

 due to the sheaths still remaining on the feathers at this part of the head; sides of neck, 

 throat, and breast huffish brown with narrow blackish bars; abdomen white; bill dull 

 black; feet dark leaden gray with a faint sub-tint of flesh color; the eye was too sunken 

 to describe. 



"In his account of 'Birds Collected by W. L. Abbot in the Kilmanjaro Region, East 

 Africa' (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXVIII, p. 843), Prof. H. C. Oberholser describes 

 the immature tambourine-clove compared with the adult as follows: 'Upper surface of 

 the body more rufescent; forehead grayish, slightly tinged with tawny; crown washed, the 

 back and rump barred with rusty; wing-coverts and secondaries duller, as well as rather 

 paler, with mottlings and some bars of dark brown and tawny, the secondaries with a dark 

 subterminal bar, sides of the head shaded with ashy and brownish; anterior lower parts 

 more or less barred with dark brown and ochraceous; lower tail-coverts with tips, ami simic- 

 times bars, of tawny. This would probably be an intermediate stage between the nestling and 

 adult plumage!' " 



Explanation of Plate 43. 



Figs 1, 2, 3. Three wing-feathers of adult female green-winged pigeon, Calcophaps indica. x 2 

 Toda del., Nov. 1903. 



These feathers, plucked in May 190:?, show transverse bars. 



The green portions of the feathers are left white, except for the bars. It looks as if the turtle pattern was the 

 foundation, and as if the light edge had spread inward, becoming green (sometimes bronzy red) ; or one might think 

 that the exposed part of the black had changed to green. The change, whatever its nature, begins at or near tip and 

 progresses towards base. 



The upper feather is an inner long covert (left side). 



The middle feather is an inner long covert (the next below). 



The lower feather is an upper (inner, left) tertial. 



The bars cross both webs, and are on green and dark (blackish-gray) color as well. At the tip they more nearly 

 form a right angle with the shaft; inward they meet at a very obtuse angle. They are visible on the distal two-thirds 

 of the feather. 



Figures 1 to 5 all show the "fundamental bars" to which reference in the text has several times been made.— Ed. 



Fig. 4. A posterior scapular of a male Phaps chalcoptera. Natural size. 



The "barring" is very plain, but stands out more conspicuously in the drawing than in the feather. The bars 

 are pretty regular in their distance apart— about 14 of them on the distal two-thirds of feather. They are symmetrical 

 and form an obtuse angle at the shaft. In the long coverts they are also seen, though not so plainly. 



The spot or chequer is quite strong in the scapulars of this particular male; in another male the scapulars were 

 without spots. 



Fig. 5. From a femule nicobar pigeon, Calcenas nicobarica. x 1.4. 



One of the long feathers from the back of the neck, showing regularly spaced cross-bars. The feathers of the back 

 were more faintly barred. 



Figs. 6, 7, 8. Three wing-feathers of a juvenal (7 weeks) Leptoplila sp.? x 2. Hayashi del., Oct. 

 1903. 



(The exact location of the feathers drawn is not indicated. — En.) 



The coverts of the wing show rufous apical marks (and in some this is followed by a subterminal bar), and this 

 is soon followed by an intimation of a rufous bar and a midrufous streak. 



The subterminal bar was later found to be present on the tertials of another Leptoplila (reirhmhwhi), and here 

 the apical mark widens at the middle of the tip; on the innermost tertial this apical white is prolonged to a distance 

 of 4 to 5 mm. as a shaft-streak. 



