CONTENTS Page 



INTRODUCTION 1 



I . SCOPE OF THE PESTICIDE-WILDLIFE PROBLEM 3 



II . EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE: GENERAL 3 



III . LABORATORY STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY 4 



IV. DIRECT EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON FIELD POPULATIONS 5 



A. Forest Insect Control 5 



B. Ornamental Tree Protection 6 



C. Agricultural Pest Control 7 



1. Imported Fire Ant 7 



a. Effects on Mammals 8 



b. Effects on Birds: General 8 



c. Effects on Bobwhite Quail 10 



d. Effects on Wild Turkey 11 



e. Effects on Reptiles 11 



f. Effects on Amphibians 12 



g. Effects on Fish 12 



h. Effects on Aquatic Invertebrates 13 



i. Effects on Earthworms and Terrestrial Insects 13 



2. Japanese Beetle 14 



3. Mediterranean Fruit Fly 14 



D. Orchard Pest Control 14 



E. Range Insect Control 15 



F. Aquatic Pest Control 16 



V. INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON WILDLIFE 16 



A. Earthworm Studies 16 



B. Aquatic Pest Control 16 



C. Grasshopper Control 17 



VI. RECENT PESTICIDE LEGISLATION 17 



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