in Montgomery County, Alabama, on land treated in the spring of 1959. Stewart 

 (unpubl.) found that an over-all mortality of 49 species of breeding birds con- 

 sisted of a decline from 457 to 220.5 pairs (51.8?$). However, by strata the 

 effects weret 



Strata 



Low level or ground (7 species) 

 Low to intermediate (17 species) 

 Low to intermediate (5 species) 

 Intermediate to high (19 species) 

 Limited range untreated (l species) 



Reduction 



1003^ 



50-99?^ 



5051^ 



No effects 



No effect. 



Nesting success studies confirmed the heavy losses in the lower strata as 

 followst 



Ground 



Shrub 



Tree 



Treated 

 No. Nests % Successful 



Untreated 

 No. Nests % Successful 



23 

 35 

 37 



17.4 

 42.9 

 70.3 



13 

 16 



14 



53.8 

 87.5 

 71.4 



The most spectacular example of an abundant species with limited range sur- 

 viving on small untreated tracts within a large treated block is the house spar- 

 row (26 pairs) which continued unchanged in numbers around the untreated ranch 

 buildings centered on a 2400-acre treated ranch. There is a possibility that 

 the house sparrow is also relatively immune. This postulation would be in 

 keeping with the findings of stable populations of this species in areas 

 treated for control of Dutch elm disease (which also is a patch treatment in 

 that only street elms on city blocks are treated). Numerous studies in Georgia 

 [33], (Rosene, unpubl.), (Wilson and Jenkins, unpubl.): Florida (Strode, letter); 

 Alabama (Baker, et al.. , unpubl.), [2], [s]; Louisiana [29], (Glasgow, letter), 

 [46]; Texas [38], [39]; and Arkansas (Goddard, unpubl.) confirm Stewart's find- 

 ings in Alabama. The degree of mortality encountered in these studies is 

 clearly correlated with the strata and the ratio of untreated: treated land with- 

 in each "block". 



A spring, 1959, die-off of songbirds was reported one year after applica- 

 tion on the Wilcox County, Alabama, area (Baker, et al.. , unpubl.). A total of 

 31 dead birds and mammals was found in two and one-half days of searching by 

 two men. Chemical tests of specimens revealed significant amounts of insecti- 

 cide in tissues. Also, much good bird habitat was unoccupied. Robins and 

 meadowlarks were especially low in number. Counts were: 



