isyy.] 23 



In one portion of the "great moor," a wide moss free from 

 trees, Syrichthus centaurece was fairly common. 



The remaining butterflies met with at Saeterstoen, except perhaps 

 Lyceena Optilete, were not by any means suggestive of a northern 

 fauna. 



Aporia cratcegi was not scarce, yet, except bird-cherry, there was 

 no wild plant observed suitable for its food, hawthorn and blackthorn 

 were absent, and apples in gardens were few and far between. 



Pieris napi was common, but rapce and brassicce were conspicuously 

 absent. The absence of brassicce and rapes illustrates what one is so 

 familiar with, that it almost escapes recognition, that those species are 

 dependant on man not only for their present distribution but also for 

 their actual food-plant, whilst naj^i seems to be able to maintain itself 

 on wild Cruciferae to a much greater extent, and is probably really 

 native in most of its habitats. Brassicce is certainly feral if not wild, 

 if I may so express it, in many alpine habitats, but I do not think 

 I know of any station for rapce that is certainly independent of 

 human assistance. 



The following butterflies were taken at Saeterstoen between June 20th and 

 Julj 2nd : — Papilio Maehaon, Aporia cratcegi, P. napi, Oonepteryx rhamni, Colias 

 PalcBno, Euchloe cardamines, Leucophasia sinapis, Vanessa Antiopa, iirticcB, c-alhum, 

 Argynnis Selene, Euphrosyne, Aphirape, Freija, MelitcEa Athalia, Erebia Embla, 

 Chionobas Jutta, Satj/rus Hiera, Ccenonympha Typhon, Pamphilus, Polyommatus 

 Phlaeas, Hippothoe, Amphidamas, Lyceena Argiolus, Icarus, semiargus, JEgon, 

 Optilete, Cyllarus, Amanda, Thanaos 'Pages, Syrichthus centaurece, malvcB, Pamphila 

 sylvanus and comma. 



In proceeding northwards to Bossekop, I left behind Messrs. 

 Nicholson and Standen, and at Trondhjem joined Mr. E. W. Lloyd. 

 On the way north we called for an hour at Torghatten (July 7th), 

 where we saw Colias Falceno and Lyceena Icarus and ^yon, as well as 

 ZygcBna jilipendidce ; and at Harstad (July 8th), where we saw 

 Argynnis Pales, Erebia lappona, and Lyceena minima, but butterflies 

 were scarce, though such moths as Coremia munitata, moiitanata, and 

 Emmelesia albulata were very abundant. At Hammerfest various 

 Geometers and other moths were abundant, but no butterflies. Mr. F. 

 Walker took an Erebia (probably Ligen^ here in 1837, and Dr. Staud- 

 inger found P. Phloeas. 



Prom Hammerfest a sail of nine or ten hours for some sixty or 

 seventy miles southwards in the Alteufiord, brought us to Bossekop 

 (July 10th), where we found that insect life was as forward at 

 69° 50' N., or thereabouts, as at Saeterstoen, 60° 12' ; we had the 

 further misfortune to be attended by the same dull, sunless, and at 



