1899.J 179 



their presence being betrayed by the pale extruded frass, and spun 

 their cocoons inside the stems, whilst others spun up in the angle 

 where the muslin cover touched the rim of the flower pot : a few, 

 though very few, cocoons were spun on other parts of the muslin, or 

 of the sides of the flower pot. The larvae, which, even when extracted 

 from their burrows, are sluggish and move but slowly, hibernate full- 

 fed. Some of them pupajted in their cocoons formed in the autumn 

 inside the old flower stems, but many, in confinement, left their winter 

 quarters in the spring and were engaged, about the beginning of 

 April, in spinning fresh cocoons, the large majority of which were 

 clustered together in one spot, and as close as possible to the angle 

 already referred to. The larvae were unexpectedly, and no doubt 

 exceptionally, late in pupating, and this was probably due partly to 

 the backwardness of the season, and partly to the flower pot contain- 

 ing them having been kept in very cool and shady places until about 

 the latter half of May, when it was transferred to a flower bed and 

 exposed to the sunshine. On May 22nd I failed to find anything but 

 larvae still unchanged, but on June 4th many cocoons contained pupae, 

 nearly all of which, however, had unfortunately died, owing, pre- 

 sumably, to the combination of too great heat and too little moisture. 



PUPA. 



The following description of the pupa, which gradually becomes 

 darker in colour as the time of emergence approaches, was made on 

 June 4th last from a specimen which had evidently only assumed this 

 state a short time previously ; — 



Length, 5 mm. Greatest breadth, 1'5 mm. 



Short and stout, tapering gradually towards the anal extremity. Segmental 

 divisions clearly defined. Skin smootli, with no noticeable hairs. Head and thora- 

 cic segments smooth, polished, dark orange-brown. Eve-cases prominent, the eyes 

 visible as small dark spots. Antennal- and leg-cases with well-defined margins, 

 smooth, polished, pale brownish-ochreous, the former being a little shorter than the 

 wing-cases. Wing-cases smooth, polished, pale brownish-ochreous, reaching to the 

 middle of the fourth abdominal segment, the ends of the posterior tarsal cases pro- 

 jecting between and just beyond the ends of the wing-cases, viz., to the end of the 

 fourth abdominal segment. Abdominal segments comparatively dull and unpolished, 

 except near the anal extremity, brownish-ochreous above, more ochreous beneath. 

 Along the anterior margin of each segment dorsally is a conspicuous tawny-brown 

 band, in which stands a raised keel : just behind the keel is a row of minute raised 

 spikelets, and there is another similar parallel row of still smaller spikelets just 

 behind the middle of the segment. The rows of spikelets and the keel terminate 

 on each side shortly above the spiracles. Anal extremiig with two somewhat re- 

 curved, strong, very dark brown spikelets dorsally, and two rather similar, but 



