7(5 [April, 



and on 3, 4, 5, 6, there is one below the prolegs. On 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments 

 the three tubercles above the spiracular line each carries two hairs, on the spiracular 

 level each segment has two tubercles, the front one much the longer and each with 

 two hairs, the 1st thoracic carries a black shining plate, with six hairs on each side 

 and a pale division down the dorsal line, a tubercle in front of, and one below, the 

 spiracle each with two hairs. The hairs are black, the longest rather more than 

 half the larval diameter in length, the longest on 8th, 9th and lOth abdominal. 

 The head is black and shining as well as the anal plate, the bases of antennae and of 

 mouth parts whitish. Legs black. The prolegs are complete circles, very retractile, 

 with a central corneous point. 



The pupa is black with paler incisions, and paler in some degree towards the 

 posterior segments. Its length is about -37 — '40 inch when straight, but the ab- 

 dominal segments 5 — 10 are usually curved forwards, so that 10 points ventrally 

 instead of backwards, and the cremastral armature is actually directed somewhat 

 forwards. This is a result of the 5th and 6th segments being somewhat narrower 

 ventrally tlian dorsally. There is a well marked dorsal head piece as wide (nearly) 

 as the prothoras, but only about one-quarter its (antcro-posterior) length ; it is 

 shortest in the middle line. The prothorax is very narrow outwardly just above 

 spiracle, where its (false) spiracular margin has an armature of very fine bristles; 

 it carries a large bristle (on either side) near middle line, and another close to 

 spiracle. The mesothorax carries four bristles (two on either side) placed in a trans- 

 verse row near the middle of the segment. The much narrower metathorax has four 

 bristles towards its anterior border, two near the middle and one near each anterior 

 lateral angle. The Ist abdominal segment presents no bristles, nor spiracles nor other 

 markings. The 2nd and 3rd present a dorsal bristle on either side and a supra- 

 spiracular one. The spiracles on these segments have wrinkles round them as in 

 many Pyralid and other pupje, making them look as if the wings had pushed them 

 dorsally, wrinkling the surface in front of them ; they are, indeed, so moved to 

 escape being covered by the wings. Abdominal segment four carries its spiracles 

 free, has the dorsal, supra-spiracular, and also subspiracular bristles. All the 

 bristles so far noticed, as well as six on the head not yet referred to, are 

 ordinary bristles. On 5 there are two similar ventral bristles, as also on 6 and 7, 

 but the dorsal and supra- and subspiracular bristles on these three segments have a 

 very special structure. A transverse chitinous ridge stands up, with a face or rather 

 even a cup-shaped hollow directed posteriorly, and from the middle of this arises a 

 stiff spine not obviously (if at all) articulated, and, lying parallel with the surface 

 of the segment, and very close to it, points directly backwards. On 8 the dorsal and 

 supra-spiracular hairs have the same spinous structure, the subspiracular is an ordi- 

 nary bristle, no ventral hair. In the male pupa 9 resembles 8, but in the female 

 the hairs are more nearly ordinary bristles ; 10 forms the cremaster, and is flat 

 antero-posteriorly, forming a flat paddle-like expansion, it has two minute hairs 

 dorsally, laterally a strong bristle on either side. It terminates in four projections, 

 each carrying a strong, thick, but apparently articulated bristle. The segments 

 down to the 4th abdominal have a chitinous surface of cellular reticulation, but 

 5 — 9 have a surface of minute sharp points. Ventrally the head carries two 

 bristles on each side (antenno-basal ?), and another on either side on the clypeus. 

 The labrum is not marked off from the clypeus, the mandibular processes are large 



